{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:36:18Z","timestamp":1776490578719,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> To assess the accuracy and stability of areal bone-mineral-density (aBMD) measurements from multi-energy CT localizer radiographs acquired using photon-counting detector (PCD) CT. <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic> A European Spine Phantom (ESP) with hydroxyapatite (HA 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) was scanned using clinical PCD-CT and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to compare aBMD values. To assess aBMD stability and reproducibility, PCD-localizers were acquired twice a day for one week, and once per week for five weeks. Multiple ESP anteroposterior thicknesses (18, 26, 34, and 40 cm) were achieved using a synthetic gel layer and scanned across eight tube current values for both 120 kV (15\u2013120 mA) and 140 kV (10\u201380 mA). One-way analysis of variance was performed for statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 considered significant). Quantitative HA and water maps were reconstructed using a prototype material-decomposition software, and aBMD was calculated after background correction. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> performance of PCD-based aBMD was illustrated using a patient scan acquired at 140 kV and 40 mA, and lumbar aBMD values were compared with DXA. <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic> The ESP aBMD values from PCD-localizers demonstrated excellent day-to-day stability with a coefficient-of-variation ranging from 0.42% to 0.53%, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of less than 5% for all three vertebral bodies. The coefficient-of-variation for weekly scans ranged from 0.17% to 0.60%, again with MAPE below 5% for all three vertebral bodies. Across phantom sizes and tube currents, the MAPE values varied ranging from 1.84% to 13.78% for 120 kV, and 1.38%\u20139.11% for 140 kV. No significant difference was found between different tube currents. For the standard phantom size, DXA showed 11.21% MAPE whereas PCD-CT showed 3.04% MAPE. For the patient scan, deviation between PCD-based aBMD values and those obtained from DXA ranged from 0.07% to 9.82% for different lumbar vertebra. <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic> This study highlights the accuracy and stability of PCD-CT localizers for measuring aBMD. We demonstrated aBMD accuracy across different sizes and showed that higher radiation doses did not inherently increase aBMD accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad8da1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T22:56:25Z","timestamp":1730415385000},"page":"22NT01","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative assessment of areal bone mineral density using multi-energy localizer radiographs from photon-counting detector CT"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6954-9045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Jasper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Swicklik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Baffour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1122-5828","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed O","family":"El Sadaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Shanblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-8460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tristan","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"McCollough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8314-3642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kishore","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbad8da1bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and management of osteoporosis","volume":"921","author":"","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Health Organ. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-06-17","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-10-31","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-11-12","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}