{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T16:23:10Z","timestamp":1765297390095,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["252136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Lady Davis Institute Scholarship"},{"name":"Canadian Health Research Projects program","award":["170620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["170620"]}]},{"name":"TransMedTech Institute Doctoral Scholarship program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -emitting radionuclides, such as\n                    <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sr\n                    <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                    Y, are widely used in clinical settings for the treatment of both benign and malignant lesions, particularly as surface applicators. Despite their clinical relevance, the three-dimensional dose distributions delivered by these applicators remain inadequately characterized using Monte Carlo simulations, the current gold standard for dose calculation. This study aims to address these limitations by characterizing the three-dimensional dose distribution of a commonly used\n                    <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sr\n                    <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                    Y Pterygium applicator. The goals include generating accurate percent-depth-dose (PDD) curves and validating a custom irradiation setup using radiochromic film and Monte Carlo simulations to enable accessible, reproducible, and highly precise radiobiology experiments.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A Monte Carlo dose calculation software based on Geant4 10.02.p02 was developed, and the Amersham SIA 20 Pterygium applicator, a stacked film setup with 30 EBT-XD GafChromic\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    films, and a film-cell irradiation setup (a film layer, cell monolayer, and growth media) were modeled. The dose rate was averaged over the 8.2\u2009mm diameter active area on the surface in water in both the stacked film setup and the film-cell setup. The spectrum of the source was also calculated. An experimental PDD was generated by irradiating stacked films and was compared to the Monte Carlo simulations.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The measured and computed PDDs agreed within 2% within 2.6\u2009mm of depth. The dose rates were 28.30, 26.48, 21.23, and 22.76\u2009cGy\u2009s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    on the surface in water, in the film active layer, in the cell monolayer, and in the growth media, respectively, compared to the manufacturer\u2019s nominal value of 27\u2009cGy\u2009s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A Monte Carlo-validated PDD curve of the source was generated in a stacked film setup using EBT-XD GafChromic\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    film. A custom film-cell irradiation setup was characterized for future radiobiology experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T22:54:58Z","timestamp":1764197698000},"page":"245003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dosimetric characterization of a\n                    <sup>90<\/sup>\n                    Sr\n                    <sup>90<\/sup>\n                    Y Pterygium applicator with radiochromic film and Monte Carlo Simulations"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8476-8908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam","family":"Rahbaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirin A","family":"Enger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-1549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parminder S","family":"Basran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbae24dcbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01368-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Geant4-a simulation toolkit","volume":"506","author":"Agostinelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2010.03.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of pterygium: a review of the literature including more than 6000 treated lesions","volume":"15","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2013.08.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beta planar source quality assurance with the fricke xylenol gel dosimeter","volume":"96","author":"Alva-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"article-title":"Estar, pstar, and astar: computer programs for calculating stopping-power and range tables for electrons, protons and helium ions (version 1.2.2)","year":"1999","author":"Berger","key":"pmbae24dcbib4","type":"other"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2767184","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose calculation formalisms and consensus dosimetry parameters for intravascular brachytherapy dosimetry: recommendations of the aapm therapy physics committee task group no. 149","volume":"34","author":"Chiu-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of electron beam and 9 0 sr+ 90 y applicator for keloids treatment","year":"2009","author":"Coelho","key":"pmbae24dcbib6","type":"conference-proceedings"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2010.12.179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A complete dosimetric characterization of two 90sr\u201390y dermatologic applicators","volume":"632","author":"Coelho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/295438","type":"other","article-title":"Epdl97: the evaluated photo data library97 version","author":"Cullen","year":"1997"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5380\/avs.v26i2.76394","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Applications of intraoperative betatherapy in veterinary oncology","volume":"26","author":"de Campos Vettorato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.07.065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Postoperative strontium-90 brachytherapy in the prevention of keloids: results and prognostic factors","volume":"73","author":"De Fendi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2017.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of catheter-based sources in intravascular brachytherapy","volume":"16","author":"DeCunha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248799","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Strontium-90 brachytherapy following intralesional triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil injections for keloid treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000475634","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Total skin electron beam therapy as part of multimodal treatment strategies for primary cutaneous t-cell lymphoma","volume":"40","author":"Elsayad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treatment"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.227","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lutetium 177 psma radionuclide therapy for men with prostate cancer: a review of the current literature and discussion of practical aspects of therapy","volume":"64","author":"Emmett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Radiat. Sci."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.09.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Radiation therapy for benign disease: keloids, macular degeneration, orbital pseudotumor, pterygium, peyronie disease, trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"34","author":"Eng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematol.\/Oncol. Clin."},{"article-title":"Gafchromic ebt","year":"(n.d)","author":"Films","key":"pmbae24dcbib16","type":"other"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2023.02.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"First clinical implementation of yttrium-90 disc brachytherapy after fda clearance","volume":"22","author":"Finger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100513","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-dose-rate yttrium-90 (90y) episcleral plaque brachytherapy for iris and iridociliary melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Finger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.17794\/rgn.2023.1.5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear and radiological data available in the international atomic energy agency (IAEA) databases","volume":"38","author":"Getaldi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-naftni zbornik"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)00603-I","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electron beam therapy is not inferior to superficial x-ray therapy in the treatment of skin carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Griep","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v16.i10.512","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Yttrium-90 radioembolization treatment strategies for management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Radiol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.01.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Revisiting low-dose total skin electron beam therapy in mycosis fungoides","volume":"81","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2013.2270894","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Radioactive decays in geant4","volume":"60","author":"Hauf","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14070","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Scleral complications of plaque brachytherapy for pterygium and for uveal melanoma: Response","volume":"50","author":"Jabbarli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-017-0505-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lu-177-based peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for advanced neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Mole. Imaging"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.09.236","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A guide to 90y radioembolization and its dosimetry","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2014.55003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Superficial ocular malignancies treated with strontium-90 brachytherapy: long term outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Laskar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Brachyther."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13708","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response characterization of ebt-xd radiochromic films in megavoltage photon and electron beams","volume":"46","author":"Le\u00f3n-Marroqu\u00edn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24269","type":"journal-article","article-title":"90y radiation lobectomy: outcomes following surgical resection in patients with hepatic tumors and small future liver remnant volumes","volume":"114","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2005.07.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improving patient-specific dosimetry for intravascular brachytherapy","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01763-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose effects of guide wires for catheter-based intravascular brachytherapy","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-24-00108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Innovations in brachytherapy","volume":"15","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2024.102157","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Yttrium-90 (90y) brachytherapy for squamous carcinoma: treatment of the conjunctiva, cornea and sclera","volume":"36","author":"Maniar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-3947(00)00045-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement of relative output for 90sr ophthalmic applicators using radiochromic film","volume":"25","author":"Menon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Dosimetry"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.07.636","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison between beta radiation dose distribution due to ldr and hdr ocular brachytherapy applicators using gate Monte Carlo platform","volume":"32","author":"Mostafa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib36","first-page":"pp 2028","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Dose calculation in the water phantom for 90 sr\/90 y beta particles using mcnp code","author":"Mowlavi","year":"2007"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598496","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intravascular brachytherapy physics: report of the AAPM radiation therapy committee task group no. 60","volume":"26","author":"Nath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pp 21","DOI":"10.2172\/5691165","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"tables and graphs of electron-interaction cross-sections from 10 ev to 100 gev derived from the llnl evaluated electron data library (EEDL), z = 1-100","author":"Perkins","year":"1991"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/10121422","type":"other","article-title":"tables and graphs of atomic subshell and relaxation data derived from the llnl evaluated atomic data library (eadl), z = 1\u2013100","author":"Perkins","year":"1991"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.33379","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Total skin electron irradiation techniques: a review","volume":"30","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17525","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapidbrachyivbt: a dosimetry software for patient-specific intravascular brachytherapy dose calculations on optical coherence tomography images","volume":"52","author":"Rahbaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030975","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Changes of corneal biomechanical properties upon exclusive ytt-\/sr-90 irradiation of pterygium","volume":"21","author":"Rigendinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1646040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Update of AAPM task group no. 43 report: a revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations","volume":"31","author":"Rivard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2023.04.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intracoronary brachytherapy for restenosis: 20 years of follow-up","volume":"54","author":"Salihu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovas. Revascul. Med."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2013.2251424","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Matched fields technique for 90sr90y low-dose rate source for keloid treatments","volume":"60","author":"Sampaio","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.18004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A method for embedding cells on radiochromic film for in vitro high-precision radiation dosimetry","volume":"52","author":"Scholl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12702","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Records: improved reporting of monte carlo radiation transport studies: report of the aapm research committee task group 268","volume":"45","author":"Sechopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2019.03.039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Low cost electron irradiator using 90sr+ 90y sources","volume":"167","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i1.5970","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gafchromic EBT3 film dosimetry in electron beams-energy dependence and improved film read-out","volume":"17","author":"Sipil\u00e4","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2012.10.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of gafchromic\u00ae EBT3 films characteristics in therapy photon, electron and proton beams","volume":"29","author":"Sorriaux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_965_16","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Water equivalent radiological properties of gafchromic external beam therapy and external beam therapy 2 film dosimeters","volume":"15","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Therapeut."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/20\/020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A theoretical investigation into post-operative, intracavitary beta therapy of high-grade glioblastomas using yttrium-90","volume":"51","author":"Stefanou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13996","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aapm recommendations on medical physics practices for ocular plaque brachytherapy: report of task group 221","volume":"47","author":"Thomson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2023.2250848","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Minimum reporting standards should be expected for preclinical radiobiology irradiators and dosimetry in the published literature","volume":"100","author":"Trompier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.068460","type":"journal-article","article-title":"18 years\u2019 experience with high dose rate strontium-90 brachytherapy of small to medium sized posterior uveal melanoma","volume":"89","author":"Van Ginderdeuren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.07.065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Postoperative strontium-90 brachytherapy in the prevention of keloids: results and prognostic factors","volume":"73","author":"Viani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1517611","type":"journal-article","article-title":"History by history statistical estimators in the beam code system","volume":"29","author":"Walters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbae24dcbib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2019.10.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spatially fractionated radiation therapy: History, present and the future","volume":"20","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T16:18:19Z","timestamp":1765297099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae24dc","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-9155"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1361-6560"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Dosimetric characterization of a\n                      90\n                      Sr\n                      90\n                      Y Pterygium applicator with radiochromic film and Monte Carlo Simulations","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-06-30","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-12-09","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}