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Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Intensity-modulated brachytherapy (IMBT) is an innovative technique aimed at achieving anisotropic dose distributions in brachytherapy. This study develops a fast dosimetric optimization method specifically for IMBT plans in cervical cancer.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    ARCHER-IMBT was validated against TOPAS in both water phantoms and clinical geometries. Optimization was performed for six intracavitary (IC-BT) cases and one intracavitary\/interstitial (IC\/IS-BT) case, comparing 50 kVp x-ray and Ir-192 sources. The study also explored the potential of IMBT to achieve comparable dosimetry to IC\/IS-BT using only intracavitary applicators. Furthermore, a stochastic uncertainty analysis (200 Monte Carlo scenarios) was conducted to evaluate plan robustness against positional (0.3 mm) and angular (0.2\u00b0) perturbations.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    ARCHER-IMBT achieved speedup factors exceeding 50\u00d7 for water phantoms and 350\u00d7 for clinical cases, with gamma passing rates &gt;98%. The entire optimization process was completed within one minute. Compared to IC-BT, IMBT plans reduced bladder and rectum\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2cc<\/jats:sub>\n                    by 3.1% and 15.1% for Ir-192, and by 23.4% and 22.8% for 50 kVp x-rays, respectively. In the IC\/IS-BT case, IMBT plans achieved comparable target coverage while potentially eliminating the need for invasive needles. However, uncertainty analysis revealed that the 50 kVp source is highly sensitive to sub-millimeter translational errors (0.3 mm) due to its steep dose gradients, whereas Ir-192 exhibited greater robustness.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study demonstrates a computationally efficient IMBT optimization platform. The findings highlight the dosimetric benefits of IMBT and its potential to simplify complex IC\/IS-BT procedures, while underscoring the stringent mechanical precision required for clinical implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae63a2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:54:58Z","timestamp":1776898498000},"page":"09NT01","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A fast dosimetric optimization method of intensity modulated brachytherapy (IMBT) treatment plans for cervical cancer"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4526-5747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miao","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4728-5222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-0332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yankui","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9632-3909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"X George","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbae63a2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14143","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New capabilities of the Monte Carlo dose engine ARCHER-RT: clinical validation of the Varian TrueBeam machine for VMAT external beam radiotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Adam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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