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Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . During magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment of uterine fibroids, ablating tissue near the spine is challenging as unwanted far-field bone heating can cause pain and potentially injure nearby nerves. This study investigates an anti-focus (AF) scheme for minimizing bone heating when targeting fibroid tissue in proximity to the spine.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Acoustic and thermal simulations were conducted using 3D MRI-derived anatomical models from ten patients who underwent MRgFUS for uterine fibroids using a low-frequency (0.5 MHz) 6144-element flat fully-populated modular phased array during a clinical trial (NCT03323905). AF points were distributed over patient spine surfaces with varying densities, transducer array element-wise phase and amplitude controls were obtained via Tikhonov regularization, and the resulting temperature fields were compared to those obtained via both conventional focusing (CF) and a transducer module partial blocking (PB) approach developed to mitigate far-field bone heating (Goudarzi\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2024\n                    <jats:italic>Med. Phys.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>51<\/jats:bold>\n                    8670\u201387)). Optimal regularization parameter values were chosen to maximize the focal-to-bone heating ratio (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) while maintaining focal integrity.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For high point densities (0.25 AF mm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), AF driving signals provided significant improvements in \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>\n                    compared to CF (fold improvement: 13 \u00b1 16,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0009) and the optimal PB approach (fold improvement: 11 \u00b1 11,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0009), at the cost of more diffuse focusing (focal heating volumes increased 77% \u00b1 23% vs CF; 50% \u00b1 33% vs PB;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) and thus requiring higher acoustic power levels to maintain focal heating (increased 73% \u00b1 19% vs CF; 15 \u00b1 20% vs PB;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001). Soft-tissue aberration corrections improved focal targeting accuracy and reduced acoustic power demands, complementing the AF strategy.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . AF driving signals show promise for enabling MRgFUS tissue ablation close to the spine without overheating the bone or nearby nerve bundles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae7248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T22:57:01Z","timestamp":1779490621000},"page":"125036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-focus driving signals to mitigate bone heating during focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids with phased arrays"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6238-7154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moslem","family":"Sadeghi-Goughari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-4110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan Matthew","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6219-2982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kullervo","family":"Hynynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbae7248bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3309540","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A fully electronically steerable therapeutic ultrasound phased array with MR-guidance","volume":"71","author":"Aslani","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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