{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:59:32Z","timestamp":1785499172901,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n To develop and illustrate the potential of a new, flexible, open-source software engine for task-based optimisation of exposure parameter settings in x-ray projection imaging.\n Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n The engine was built from several Python-scripted modules to automate exposure parameter optimization. Input is taken from a set of pre-calculated tables containing image quality and dose data, and system parameters defined by the user. Modular code is employed, with classes responsible for image quality and dose calculations. For this study, the image quality (IQ) module incorporated the standard signal-to-noise ratio (\n SNR<\/jats:italic>\n ) and a version of\n SNR<\/jats:italic>\n (\n \n SNR\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n w<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) that is weighted for the influence of the x-ray focus size and finite x-ray pulse width on the task. Optimal x-ray factors for a specified task are established by the Optimizer class that maximizes a figure-of-merit defined as\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n SNR<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n or\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n SNR<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n w<\/mml:mi>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n divided by dose. A set of six experiments with different degrees of complexity was performed to illustrate the engine and the influence of x-ray factor selection for a cardiac imaging task.\n Main results<\/jats:italic>\n . A full parameter search covering 2400 different combinations of tube potential, additional copper filtration and focal spot size for 11 distinct patient thicknesses took approximately 30 min. The six experiments demonstrated that it is essential to consider x-ray tube power limitations and, when applicable, object motion and dose limits when determining the optimal exposure parameters.\n Significance<\/jats:italic>\n . The proposed engine automates optimal exposure parameter selection for user-defined image quality metrics and dose estimates. The influence of x-ray system parameters on system performance can be explored systematically. The engine is provided as an open-source resource with a modular structure that can be extended to include different figures of merit, and different image quality and dose metrics. The repository containing the engine is available at\n https:\/\/gitlab.kuleuven.be\/medphysqa\/deploy\/flexpose\/flexpose<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae788e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:26:01Z","timestamp":1780651561000},"page":"125031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["flEXPOSE: a flexible exposure parameter optimisation engine for x-ray projection imaging"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9078-080X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo T","family":"Massera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven"},{"name":"KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5549-5133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas W","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven"},{"name":"UZ Gasthuisberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Bosmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven"},{"name":"UZ Gasthuisberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbae788ebib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2886530","type":"journal-article","article-title":"DukeSim: a realistic, rapid and scanner-specific simulation framework in computed tomography","volume":"38","author":"Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-02-09","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-04","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}