{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T07:02:02Z","timestamp":1785135722896,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KAKENHI Number JP24K03079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI Number JP24K03079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Spatially fractionated irradiation (SFI), particularly slit-beam irradiation (SI), is gaining attention in radiation oncology for its potential to spare normal tissue via non-target effects (NTE), such as the bystander effect. However, it remains unclear whether the observed tissue-sparing effects (TSE) result from biological NTE or simply from physical dose-volume characteristics. In this study, we investigated the theoretical biological consequences of SI by analyzing the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of a previously reported\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse testis experiment. Using Monte Carlo simulations particle and heavy ion transport code system, we calculated three-dimensional micro-scale dose distributions for slit widths of 12.5, 50, and 200\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    m. We evaluated the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) model and performed a sensitivity analysis on LQ parameters. EUD is more reasonable than the peak dose, valley dose, or average dose for SI; however, our results suggest that EUD may not be suitable for comparisons between SI and uniform irradiation when there is substantial uncertainty in the parameters of the LQ model. Furthermore, we developed \u2018artificial radiography\u2019 to visualize non-slit non-uniform irradiation (NSNUI) configurations that possess DVHs identical to those of SI. We conclude that the TSE observed in previous SI studies may be attributable to DVH differences rather than specific biological NTEs. To rigorously verify the existence of NTEs\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we propose that NSNUI with a matched DVH represents the rational \u2018control irradiation,\u2019 eliminating the confounding influence of physical dose distribution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ae82b1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:53:44Z","timestamp":1782428024000},"page":"145018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dose-volume histogram analysis of slit-beam irradiation: biological implications in mouse\n                    <i>ex vivo<\/i>\n                    testes"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3699-6439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Shirato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Mizuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Statistical Mathematics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University"},{"name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinari","family":"Yokoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology"},{"name":"Ibaraki University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-187X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hisanori","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbae82b1bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2022.1064860","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetric quantities and cell survival for spatially fractionated radiation therapy","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-04-20","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}