{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:55:56Z","timestamp":1790574956942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n This study presents a rigorous, simultaneous Monte Carlo (MC) intercomparison of three general-purpose computational codes, MCNP6.2, TOPAS 3.9, and PHITS 3.341, for the calculation and validation of TG-43 dosimetric parameters for the clinical microSelectron-HDR v2\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 192<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n Ir and Theragenics-AgX100\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 125<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n I brachytherapy sources under realistic, unsimplified photon emission spectra.\n Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n Simulations were performed in a spherical liquid water phantom with a radius of 18.5 cm to ensure full-scatter conditions. Dose was scored in small, distance-dependent spherical water scoring cells with varying radii. Discrete, unsimplified photon emission spectra from ICRP Publication 107 were implemented in all three codes. To address gaps in the literature, a computationally efficient simplified geometry previously adopted for the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 192<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n Ir source was evaluated, while the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 125<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n I source was modeled with high geometric fidelity. The radial dose and anisotropy functions were calculated, the radial dose data were fitted using fifth-degree polynomials, and the resulting datasets were benchmarked against established TG-43 consensus reference data.\n Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n The three MC codes demonstrated good overall agreement. For the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 192<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n Ir source, the simplified geometry reproduced the consensus reference data within the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n %<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n criterion over the clinically relevant radial range, demonstrating its dosimetric suitability within the TG-43 framework. For the low-energy\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 125<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n I source, larger deviations, reaching approximately\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n 21<\/mml:mn>\n %<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , were observed at short radial distances (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n \u2009<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \u2a7d<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \u2009<\/mml:mtext>\n 0.5<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n cm), consistent with the greater sensitivity of low-energy photon transport to attenuation and shielding effects associated with the source encapsulation and internal components. At distances beyond approximately\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n 1.0<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n cm, the results showed substantially improved agreement, with deviations generally remaining within\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n 3<\/mml:mn>\n %<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n . Fifth-degree polynomial fitting accurately reproduced the radial dose function, with deviations predominantly remaining below the recommended\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n %<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n criterion within the clinically relevant radial intervals.\n Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n This work establishes a robust, cross-validated computational baseline for brachytherapy dosimetry using general-purpose MC codes under realistic photon emission spectra. The validation of the simplified\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 192<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n Ir geometry supports its use in computationally efficient simulations, while the characterization of the low-energy\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n 125<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n I source provides relevant information for high-precision dosimetry and future investigations of low-energy radiation interactions in radiosensitization studies.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aea7f6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:54:55Z","timestamp":1789512895000},"page":"195007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monte Carlo intercomparison of TG-43 dosimetric parameters for clinical\n \n \n \n \n \n 192<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n Ir and\n \n \n \n \n \n 125<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n I brachytherapy sources"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-6213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas F","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6379-683X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asif","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG"},{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8562-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano P","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2388-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma C F","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG"},{"name":"Nuclear Technology Development Center\u2014CDTN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaea7f6bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/851\/1\/012019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High dose rate 192ir source calibration: a single institution experience","volume":"851","author":"Abdullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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