{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T13:01:42Z","timestamp":1784984502304,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UCL overseas research scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCL overseas research scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008538","name":"UCL Engineering, University College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Dean\u2019s prize"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dean\u2019s prize"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Nephro-Urology Clinical Trials (NUCT) Limited","award":["Studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Studentship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Conditional trans-rectal stimulation of the pudendal nerve could provide a viable solution to treat hyperreflexive bladder in spinal cord injury. A set threshold of the amplitude estimate of the external anal sphincter surface electromyography (sEMG) may be used as the trigger signal. The efficacy of such a device should be tested in a large scale clinical trial. As such, a probe should remain\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    for several hours while patients attend to their daily routine; the recording electrodes should be designed to be large enough to maintain good contact while observing design constraints. The objective of this study was to arrive at a design for intra-anal sEMG recording electrodes for the subsequent clinical trials while deriving the possible recording and processing parameters.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Having in mind existing solutions and based on theoretical and anatomical considerations, a set of four multi-electrode probes were designed and developed. These were tested in a healthy subject and the measured sEMG traces were recorded and appropriately processed.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : It was shown that while comparatively large electrodes record sEMG traces that are not sufficiently correlated with the external anal sphincter contractions, smaller electrodes may not maintain a stable electrode tissue contact. It was shown that 3\u2009mm wide and 1\u2009cm long electrodes with 5\u2009mm inter-electrode spacing, in agreement with Nyquist sampling, placed 1\u2009cm from the orifice may intra-anally record a sEMG trace sufficiently correlated with external anal sphincter activity.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The outcome of this study can be used in any biofeedback, treatment or diagnostic application where the activity of the external anal sphincter sEMG should be detected for an extended period of time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa8c52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T10:15:14Z","timestamp":1505297714000},"page":"L17-L27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of sEMG assembly to detect external anal sphincter activity: a proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Arsam","family":"Shiraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Leaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephro-Urology Clinical Trials (NUCT) Limited"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Alexander","family":"Mosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eskinder","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Hospitals"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Craggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Demosthenous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaaa8c52bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.07.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Amplitude indicators and spatial aliasing in high density surface electromyography recordings","volume":"22","author":"Afsharipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2017-07-14","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-09-13","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-10-31","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}