{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T13:04:41Z","timestamp":1779541481979,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience significant morbidity and mortality, therefore, the development of tests to aid its early diagnosis are very important. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the diagnostic value of novel optical non-invasive skin fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) and tissue oxygen saturation (TOS) viability measurements in patients with established SSc.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Two groups were studied, comprising 14 SSc patients and nine healthy controls (93% and 73% females, respectively). FS and TOS measurements were collected from three body sites: the forearm, chest, and calf. Fluorescence intensities at wavelengths attributed to collagen, elastin, and L-tryptophan were computed, with adjustment for melanin, and a normalised combined fluorescence score (NCFS) was determined.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The NCFS was significantly higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2009&lt;\u2009\u20090.001) and the combined TOS significantly lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2009&lt;\u2009\u20090.001) in the SSc group. TOS measurements alone showed good classification accuracy (95.7%) at separating SSc from healthy control participants, with some clustering of values close to the 50% oxygenation level in both groups. When the composition and viability measures were combined and modelled using binary logistic regression, excellent results for the sample were obtained following leave one out cross validation (100%).\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The results of this pilot study demonstrate the potential diagnostic utility of FS and TOS assessments in SSc patients and further work is now needed to validate these techniques prospectively in a larger group of SSc patients across the spectrum of the disease, and also patients with other types of vasculopathy and conditions that can cause skin fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T12:24:49Z","timestamp":1519302289000},"page":"03NT02","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Novel optical assessments of tissue composition and viability using fluorescence spectroscopy and tissue oxygenation spectrophotometry in patients with systemic sclerosis: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanzo","family":"Di Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel G","family":"Urwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Ottewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202682","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Virtual skin biopsy by optical coherence tomography: the first quantitative imaging biomarker for scleroderma","volume":"72","author":"Abignano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-2072-6.ch001","type":"book","article-title":"Development of a clinical thermal imaging and vascular optics measurement facility\u2014the Newcastle upon Tyne experience","author":"Allen","year":"2017"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib003","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pilot assessment of the utility of tissue oxygenation spectrophotometry measurements in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360200103017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microangiopathy of progressive systemic sclerosis evaluation by dynamic fluorescence","volume":"146","author":"Bollinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib005","first-page":"111","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reflection spectroscopy","volume":"vol 83","author":"Buckley","year":"1961","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2124","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Laser Doppler imaging\u2014a new technique for quantifying microcirculatory flow in patients with primary Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib007","first-page":"1281","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inter and intraobserver variability of total skin thickness score (modified Rodnan TSS) in systemic sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Clements","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessing microvascular changes in systemic sclerosis diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Cutolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)078<0384:MFEMRT>2.0.CO;2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular fluorescence excitation-emission matrices relevant to tissue spectroscopy","volume":"78","author":"Da Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0115","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Denton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2017.05.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantitative outcome measures for systemic sclerosis-related microangiopathy\u2014reliability of image acquisition in nailfold capillaroscopy","volume":"113","author":"Dinsdale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib012","first-page":"84","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The modified Rodnan skin score is an accurate reflection of skin biopsy thickness in systemic sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Furst","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1755","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin Autoflorescence. A tool to identify type 2 diabetic patients at risk for developing microvascular complications","volume":"31","author":"Gerrits","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0333-6_5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lightguide spectrophotometry for the assessment of skin healing viability in critical limb ischaemia","volume":"388","author":"Harrison","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","type":"book","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3061-6","type":"book","author":"Lakowicz","year":"1999","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670100016005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo fluorescence of human skin: a potential marker of photoaging","volume":"124","author":"Leffell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107827","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increased collagen synthesis by scleroderma skin fibroblasts in vitro: a possible defect in the regulation or activation of the scleroderma fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"LeRoy","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2173","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin autofluorescence as a noninvasive marker of vascular damage in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Lutgers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230510","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"23","author":"Subcommittee For Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1391","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin autofluorescence is a strong predictor of cardiac mortality in diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Meerwaldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111359","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of skin autofluorescence is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis: an indicator of increased glycation endproducts?","volume":"39","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5399-1_4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microvascular blood flow and oxygen supply in ulcerated skin of the lower limb","volume":"428","author":"Newton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib025","first-page":"287","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Connective tissue in skin biopsies from patients suffering systemic sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Quaglino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib026","first-page":"20","type":"book","article-title":"Fluorescence spectroscopy in vivo","author":"Ramanujam","year":"2000"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib027","first-page":"13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Testing the validity of erythema detection algorithms","volume":"38","author":"Riordan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib028","first-page":"137","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A preliminary study using virtual touch imaging and quantification for the assessment of skin stiffness in systemic sclerosis","volume":"100","author":"Santiago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5774-0_42","type":"book","article-title":"Evaluation and management of skin disease","author":"Sherber","year":"2012"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2828::AID-ART470>3.0.CO;2-U","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improvement in skin thickening in systemic sclerosis associated with improved survival","volume":"44","author":"Steen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.2000.18.3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fluorescence spectroscopic imaging to detect changes in collagen and elastin following laser tissue welding","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N32","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/38\/2\/N32","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of differences between nailfold capillaroscopy images with a scleroderma pattern and normal pattern using measures of geometric and algorithmic complexity","volume":"38","author":"Urwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5774-0_21","type":"book","article-title":"Mechanism of fibrosis","author":"Varga","year":"2012"},{"key":"pmeaaab1a4bib033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2002.02042.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparing quantitative measures of erythema, pigmentation and skin response using reflectometry","volume":"15","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."}],"container-title":["Physiological Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0967-3334\/39\/i=3\/a=03NT02?key=crossref.d3e9557fa28c4d5bec7f2d0942fcd860","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0967-3334\/39\/i=3\/a=03NT02\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0967-3334\/39\/i=3\/a=03NT02\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0967-3334\/39\/i=3\/a=03NT02?key=crossref.d3e9557fa28c4d5bec7f2d0942fcd860","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:11:28Z","timestamp":1779538288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/aab1a4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-3334","1361-6579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Novel optical assessments of tissue composition and viability using fluorescence spectroscopy and tissue oxygenation spectrophotometry in patients with systemic sclerosis: a pilot study","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiological Measurement","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2017-10-16","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-02-22","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-04-02","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}