{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T12:45:18Z","timestamp":1775997918990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010256","name":"Molly Towell Perinatal Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) is an important indicator of health and disease, yet its physiological origins, neural contributions, in particular, are not well understood. We aimed to develop novel experimental and data analytical approaches to identify fHRV measures reflecting the vagus nerve contributions to fHRV.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    : In near-term ovine fetuses, a comprehensive set of 46 fHRV measures was computed from fetal pre-cordial electrocardiogram recorded during surgery and 72\u2009h later without (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2009=\u2009\u200924) and with intra-surgical bilateral cervical vagotomy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2009=\u2009\u200915).\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The fetal heart rate did not change due to vagotomy. We identify fHRV measures specific to the vagal modulation of fHRV: multiscale time irreversibility asymmetry index (AsymI), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , Kullback\u2013Leibler permutation entropy (KLPE) and scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent slope (SDLE\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : We provide a systematic delineation of vagal contributions to fHRV across signal-analytical domains which should be relevant for the emerging field of bioelectronic medicine and the deciphering of the \u2018vagus code\u2019. Our findings also have clinical significance for\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    monitoring of fetal health during surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Key points<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022Fetal surgery causes a complex pattern of changes in heart rate variability measures with an overall reduction of complexity or variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022At 72\u2009h after surgery, many of the HRV measures recover and this recovery is delayed by an intrasurgical cervical bilateral vagotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022We identify HRV pattern representing complete vagal withdrawal that can be understood as part of \u2018HRV code\u2019, rather than any single HRV measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022We identify HRV biomarkers of recovery from fetal surgery and discuss the effect of anticholinergic medication on this recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab21ae","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T18:15:17Z","timestamp":1557944117000},"page":"065004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Vagal contributions to fetal heart rate variability: an omics approach"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Christophe L","family":"Herry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Desrochers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Fecteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucien Daniel","family":"Durosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingju","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J E","family":"Seely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin G","family":"Frasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaab21aebib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reflex principles of immunological homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Andersson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. 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