{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:03:11Z","timestamp":1791406991085,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a potential treatment that promotes the recovery of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). This study quantified the changes in consciousness and the neuromodulation effect of DBS on patients with DOC.\n Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n Eleven patients were recruited for this study which consists of three conditions: \u2018Pre\u2019 (two days before DBS surgery), \u2018Post-On\u2019 (one month after surgery with stimulation), and \u2018Post-Off\u2019 (one month after surgery without stimulation). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was recorded from the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe of patients during the experiment of auditory stimuli paradigm, in parallel with the coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) assessment. The brain hemodynamic states were defined and state transition acceleration was taken to quantify the information transmission strength of the brain network. Linear regression analysis was conducted between the changes in regional and global indicators and the changes in the CRS-R index.\n Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n Significant correlation was observed between the changes in the global transition acceleration indicator and the changes in the CRS-R index (slope = 55.910,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.732). For the regional indicators, similar correlations were found between the changes in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe indicators and the changes in the CRS-R index (slope = 46.612,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.694; slope = 47.491,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.676).\n Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n Our study suggests that fNIRS-based brain hemodynamics transition analysis can signify the neuromodulation effect of DBS treatment on patients with DOC, and the transition acceleration indicator is a promising brain functional marker for DOC.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T18:08:12Z","timestamp":1702404492000},"page":"125011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effective DBS treatment improves neural information transmission of patients with disorders of consciousness: an fNIRS study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0186-2418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhilin","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiewei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siquan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianda","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-3055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ningbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,"},{"name":"Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaad14abbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.703405","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The potential role of fNIRS in evaluating levels of consciousness","volume":"15","author":"Abdalmalak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1644376","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the CRS-R index in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"33","author":"Annen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)50004-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global workspace theory of consciousness: toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience","volume":"150","author":"Baars","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390602","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: the balloon model","volume":"39","author":"Buxton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00147","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A systematic comparison of motion artifact correction techniques for functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.050","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal improvement based on negative correlation between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin dynamics","volume":"49","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation improves electroencephalogram functional connectivity of patients with minimally conscious state","volume":"29","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/33\/12\/008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement","volume":"33","author":"Delpy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of deep and shallow tissue layers\u2019 contribution to fNIRS signal using multi-distance optodes and independent component analysis","volume":"85","author":"Funane","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.279","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: the state of the science","volume":"10","author":"Giacino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The JFK coma recovery scale-revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility","volume":"85","author":"Giacino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20695","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3205956","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multimodal multitask neural network for motor imagery classification with EEG and fNIRS signals","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00311-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differences in the hemodynamic response to event-related motor and visual paradigms as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"20","author":"Jasdzewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-05097-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What is consciousness","volume":"557","author":"Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.648","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in five patients with severe disorders of consciousness","volume":"5","author":"Lemaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.01.040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cortical activation and functional connectivity during the verbal fluency task for adolescent-onset depression: a multi-channel NIRS study","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1024278","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Frontal and parietal lobes play crucial roles in understanding the disorder of consciousness: a perspective from electroencephalogram studies","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac861e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"fNIRS-based brain state transition features to signify functional degeneration after Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.JNS15700","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Results of a prospective study (CATS) on the effects of thalamic stimulation in minimally conscious and vegetative state patients","volume":"125","author":"Magrassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.11.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical characterization of the voltage distribution generated by deep brain stimulation","volume":"216","author":"Miocinovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.07.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Towards a method to differentiate chronic disorder of consciousness patients\u2019 awareness: the low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis","volume":"368","author":"Naro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2018.2839736","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single-trial classification of fNIRS signals in four directions motor imagery tasks measured from prefrontal cortex","volume":"17","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.07.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phase-amplitude investigation of spontaneous low-frequency oscillations of cerebral hemodynamics with near-infrared spectroscopy: a sleep study in human subjects","volume":"63","author":"Pierro","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83873-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural changes in brains of patients with disorders of consciousness treated with deep brain stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Ragu\u017e","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/31\/5\/004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How to detect and reduce movement artifacts in near-infrared imaging using moving standard deviation and spline interpolation","volume":"31","author":"Scholkmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.12.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"fNIRS-based functional connectivity signifies recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness after DBStreatment","volume":"147","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.07.039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG entropy measures indicate decrease of cortical information processing in disorders of consciousness","volume":"127","author":"Thul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.08.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for disorders of consciousness: systematic review of cases and ethics","volume":"10","author":"Vanhoecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2921362","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monitoring the depth of anesthesia through the use of cerebral hemodynamic measurements based on sample entropy algorithm","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01924-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The misdiagnosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness by a clinical consensus compared with repeated coma-recovery scale-revised assessment","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24962","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The repetition of behavioral assessments in diagnosis of disorders of consciousness","volume":"81","author":"(Collaborators C S G)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1343","type":"journal-article","article-title":"fNIRS in the developmental sciences","volume":"6","author":"Wilcox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01098-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Antidepressant monotherapy and combination therapy with acupuncture in depressed patients: a resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050271","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Separation of fNIRSsignals into functional and systemic components based on differences in hemodynamic modalities","volume":"7","author":"Yamada","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s41016-021-00251-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantified assessment of deep brain stimulation on Parkinson\u2019s patients with task fNIRS measurements and functional connectivity analysis: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Neurosurg. J."},{"key":"pmeaad14abbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00324","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical research: auditory stimulation in the disorders of consciousness","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Physiological Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:31:10Z","timestamp":1778776270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad14ab","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-3334","1361-6579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Effective DBS treatment improves neural information transmission of patients with disorders of consciousness: an fNIRS study","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiological Measurement","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-06-03","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-12","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-29","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}