{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:06:19Z","timestamp":1787007979826,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To investigate how severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC) and estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) relate to each other and to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortalities.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013\u20132014 data were analyzed. ePWV, computed using age and mean blood pressure, served as an independent variable. Dependent variable SAAC (AAC score &gt;6) was quantified using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and Kauppila grading. A weighted logistic regression model, interaction terms, and restricted cubic spline analysis examined relationship between ePWV and SAAC. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were drawn among SAAC people. A weighted Cox regression model was built to examine associations of ePWV with all-cause and CVD mortalities.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    2849 individuals were included. A strong positive connection (odds ratio (OR) &gt; 1,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) was seen between ePWV and SAAC risk. Interaction term\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value indicated that only ethnicity (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) had an impact on this link but smoking, alcohol use, age, sex, body mass index, or hypertension did not. SAAC patients showed greater ePWV, all-cause and CVD mortalities (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) than non-SAAC subjects. Greater ePWV (&gt;12.00 m s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortalities in SAAC participants (hazard ratio (HR) &gt; 1,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Significance\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study, for the first time based on the NHANES database, reveals a positive correlation between ePWV and SAAC, and identifies ePWV as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with SAAC, providing a new biomarker for the prevention and early intervention of cardiovascular diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:41:26Z","timestamp":1736124086000},"page":"125008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlation analysis of estimated pulse wave velocity and severe abdominal aortic calcification: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8345-9527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000003239","article-title":"Arterial stiffness precedes hypertension and metabolic risks in youth: a review","volume":"40","author":"Agbaje","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320919895","article-title":"Abdominal aortic calcification: from ancient friend to modern foe","volume":"28","author":"Bartstra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.07.005","article-title":"Pathophysiology of vascular calcification: pivotal role of cellular senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"45","author":"Burton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03435-0","article-title":"Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a cohort study from NHANES 2005\u20132008","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003469","article-title":"Predictive value of estimated pulse wave velocity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the hypertensive population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999\u20132014","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.05.020","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of abdominal aortic calcium by gender and age group in a community-based cohort (from the Framingham Heart Study)","volume":"110","author":"Chuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000033824.02722.f7","article-title":"Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function?","volume":"106","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030840","article-title":"Association of coffee, decaffeinated coffee and caffeine intake from coffee with cognitive performance in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011\u20132014","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.068","article-title":"Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Falk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(71)90081-5","article-title":"Transmedial collagen and elastin gradients in human aortas: reversal with age","volume":"13","author":"Feldman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000145894.57533.C4","article-title":"Vascular calcification mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Giachelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.7.1014","article-title":"Arterial stiffening and vascular calcifications in end-stage renal disease","volume":"15","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1071465","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with diabetic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: evidence from NHANES 2011\u20132018","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15336","article-title":"Aortic pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a comparison of invasive measurements and noninvasive estimates","volume":"77","author":"Hametner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00581.x","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification and aortic pulse wave velocity in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"65","author":"Haydar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02456-5","article-title":"Usefulness of estimated pulse wave velocity for identifying prevalent coronary heart disease: findings from a general Chinese population","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280896","article-title":"Estimated pulse wave velocity as a measure of vascular aging","volume":"18","author":"Heffernan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1140160","article-title":"Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality in stroke population: results from NHANES (2003\u20132014)","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020963762","article-title":"Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men","volume":"16","author":"Jae","year":"2021a","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320920767","article-title":"Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in men","volume":"28","author":"Jae","year":"2021b","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","article-title":"Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications","volume":"27","author":"Laurent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7867","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157867","article-title":"Relationship between sleep and hypertension: findings from the NHANES (2007\u20132014)","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1145914","article-title":"Association of arterial stiffness with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the diabetic population: a national cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023a","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1621873","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and abdominal aortic calcification: a large cross-sectional study","volume":"2023","author":"Liu","year":"2023b","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02541-9","article-title":"Value of estimated pulse wave velocity to identify left ventricular hypertrophy prevalence: insights from a general population","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1886","article-title":"Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: the Kyushu Prevention Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Maeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015533","article-title":"Association between blood lead level and uncontrolled hypertension in the US population (NHANES 1999\u20132016)","volume":"9","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000016802","article-title":"Association of arterial stiffness with aortic calcification and tortuosity","volume":"98","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204526","article-title":"Abdominal aortic calcification can predict all-cause mortality and CV events in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Niu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.117.09097","article-title":"Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk prediction of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Ohkuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100114","article-title":"Higher visceral adiposity index is associated with increased likelihood of abdominal aortic calcification","volume":"77","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007","article-title":"The biology of vascular calcification","volume":"354","author":"Quaglino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002164","article-title":"Association of pulse wave velocity with vascular and valvular calcification in hemodialysis patients","volume":"71","author":"Raggi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5414\/CN110903","article-title":"Abdominal aortic calcification as prognostic marker in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"98","author":"Selvan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072080","article-title":"Accuracy of pulse wave velocity predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Sequ\u00ed-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1003246","article-title":"Calcification of the abdominal aorta is an under-appreciated cardiovascular disease risk factor in the general population","volume":"9","author":"Sethi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.114.04063","article-title":"Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a predictor of mortality in elderly Chinese","volume":"64","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.12.004","article-title":"Abdominal aortic calcification: a reappraisal of epidemiological and pathophysiological data","volume":"84","author":"Szulc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000501392","article-title":"Reduction in aortic pulse wave velocity is associated with a short-term reduction in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry lumbar spine bone mineral density T score","volume":"48","author":"Tangvoraphonkchai","year":"2019a","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0551-x","article-title":"Aortic pulse wave velocity is greater in peritoneal dialysis patients with lower dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) femoral neck bone mineral density","volume":"32","author":"Tangvoraphonkchai","year":"2019b","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm660","article-title":"Associations between vascular calcification, arterial stiffness and bone mineral density in chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Toussaint","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.3.1171","article-title":"A cross-link breaker has sustained effects on arterial and ventricular properties in older rhesus monkeys","volume":"98","author":"Vaitkevicius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.05120610","article-title":"Prognostic value of aortic stiffness and calcification for cardiovascular events and mortality in dialysis patients: outcome of the Calcification Outcome in Renal Disease (CORD) study","volume":"6","author":"Verbeke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14088","article-title":"Does estimated pulse wave velocity add prognostic information?: MORGAM prospective cohort project","volume":"75","author":"Vishram-Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0202.101970","article-title":"Nitric oxide regulates local arterial distensibility in vivo","volume":"105","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001940","article-title":"ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.11.1529","article-title":"Abdominal aortic calcific deposits are an important predictor of vascular morbidity and mortality","volume":"103","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1157163","article-title":"Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00927-4","article-title":"Osteoporosis was associated with severe abdominal aortic calcification based on a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.981749","article-title":"Association between blood lead levels and hyperlipidemiais: results from the NHANES (1999\u20132018)","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"pmeaad9ce6bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01226-w","article-title":"Triglyceride glucose index was linearly associated with abdominal aortic calcification based on NHANES 2013\u20132014","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocrinol. Disord."}],"container-title":["Physiological Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:41:28Z","timestamp":1736124088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad9ce6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-3334","1361-6579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Correlation analysis of estimated pulse wave velocity and severe abdominal aortic calcification: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiological Measurement","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-07-17","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-12-10","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-01-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}