{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1771834602871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["S10OD028483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028483"]}]},{"name":"NICHD","award":["K23HD097254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD097254"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016300","name":"University of Pittsburgh Center for Research Computing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCR_022735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCR_022735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Develop and evaluate whether a model trained to detect the physiological signature of hemorrhage in intensive care unit (ICU) patients generalizes to other cohorts.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We collected cardiorespiratory monitoring data and packed red blood cell administration data from consecutive adult admissions in one development and three evaluation ICU cohorts. We defined hemorrhage as three or more transfusions within 24 h. We trained a penalized logistic regression model to predict hemorrhage within 8 h and externally evaluated the predictions.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The evaluation ICU cohorts comprised more than 6M q15 min observations. The cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) in the development cohort was 0.706 (141 event admissions, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.656\u20130.757) and 0.712 (968 event admissions, 95% CI: 0.693\u20130.726) for 17 591 medical and surgical ICU patients in the combination of 3 evaluation cohorts. The calibration slope of the hemorrhage model was close to unity (1.041, 95%CI: 0.956\u20131.127). Predicted risk increased significantly in the 8 h preceding clinical recognition of bleeding. There was no evidence of model performance drifting over time. There was evidence for lower performance for patients over 75 (20% lower than patients 18\u201344), among patients at University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) (24% lower than MIMIC III), Black patients (11% lower than White patients), and females (12% lower than males). The shock index also had reduced performance at Pitt, for female patients, and for patients over 75, though not for Black patients. The hemorrhage score had a higher net benefit than the shock index.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Patients in ICUs have an increased risk for bleeding due to their chronic and acute illness, and earlier bleeding identification leads to better outcomes. A risk model for hemorrhage based only on continuous cardiorespiratory data has clinically relevant predictive performance that generalizes across three cohorts with different monitoring devices and electronic health record systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1770936815000},"page":"025015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and evaluation of a prediction model for adult ICU hemorrhage using only continuous cardiorespiratory data"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brynne","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4161-7897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew T","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6029-9783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy","family":"Ruchti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Clermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaae4571bib1","author":"American College of Surgeons (ed)","year":"2012","edition":"9th edn","type":"book"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E93","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i2.985","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bleeding during critical illness: a prospective cohort study using a new measurement tool","volume":"30","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Invest. Med. Med. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6737.1453","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ABC of major trauma. Management of hypovolaemic shock","volume":"300","author":"Baskett","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2018.04.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The use of the Shock Index as a predictor of active bleeding in trauma patients","volume":"96","author":"Campos-Serra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cir. Esp."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","type":"book","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1071","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients","volume":"5","author":"Canadian Critical Care Trials Group","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2023.09.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Every minute counts","volume":"226","author":"Cotton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2022-212443","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inverse association between blood pressure and pulse oximetry accuracy: an observational study in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection","volume":"40","author":"Crooks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00720-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The diastolic shock index works\u2026 but, what is it?","volume":"10","author":"Dalmau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.136","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Septicemia mortality reduction in neonates in a heart rate characteristics monitoring trial","volume":"74","author":"Fairchild","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960830)15:16%253C1793::AID-SIM332%253E3.0.CO;2-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comparison of statistical methods for clustered data analysis with Gaussian error","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.101.23.e215","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals","volume":"101","author":"Goldberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-023-01031-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantifying pulse oximeter accuracy during hypoxemia and severe anemia using an in vitro circulation system","volume":"37","author":"Gylys","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199608000-00002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound training during ATLS: an early start for surgical interns","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib16","article-title":"rms: regression modeling strategies","author":"Harrell","year":"2025","type":"other"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12389","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect sizes for experimental research","volume":"79","author":"Hedges","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005171","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pathophysiologic signature of impending ICU hypoglycemia in bedside monitoring and electronic health record data: model development and external validation","volume":"50","author":"Horton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5306","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sex differences in blood pressure trajectories over the life course","volume":"5","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.35","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib21","article-title":"MIMIC-III clinical database","author":"Johnson","year":"2016a","type":"other"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2025.01.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pharmacomarkers: a novel computable biomarker to represent dynamic patient complexity and burden of care in the pediatric intensive care unit to serve as a proxy for nurse workload","volume":"37","author":"Keim-Malpass","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S178358","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Shock index in the emergency department: utility and limitations","volume":"11","author":"Koch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg. Med."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H319","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00561.2010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accurate estimation of entropy in very short physiological time series: the problem of atrial fibrillation detection in implanted ventricular devices","volume":"300","author":"Lake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eS1","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2013729","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anemia, bleeding, and blood transfusion in the intensive care unit: causes, risks, costs, and new strategies","volume":"22","author":"McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.06.044","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mortality reduction by heart rate characteristic monitoring in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized trial","volume":"159","author":"Moorman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.859810","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heart rate characteristics monitoring for neonatal sepsis","volume":"53","author":"Moorman","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181448","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory dynamics measured from continuous ECG monitoring improves detection of deterioration in acute care patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Moss","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001738","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Signatures of subacute potentially catastrophic illness in the ICU: model development and validation","volume":"44","author":"Moss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/10\/1929","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Local dynamics of heart rate: detection and prognostic implications","volume":"35","author":"Moss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181961c35","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Early prediction of massive transfusion in trauma: simple as ABC (assessment of blood consumption)?","volume":"66","author":"Nunez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2005.04103.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ethnicity and blood pressure","volume":"7","author":"Oparil","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166141","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.05.025","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Predicting the need for urgent intubation in a surgical\/trauma intensive care unit","volume":"154","author":"Predictive Monitoring in Patients with Trauma (PreMPT) Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802251345486","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast leave-one-cluster-out cross-validation using clustered network information criterion","volume":"34","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib36","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024","type":"book"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1199","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gender differences in the regulation of blood pressure","volume":"37","author":"Reckelhoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-074820","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 2): how to undertake an external validation study","volume":"384","author":"Riley","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","type":"journal-article","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04327-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition","volume":"27","author":"Rossaint","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-018-0194-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of predictive analytics based on continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring in a surgical and trauma intensive care unit","volume":"33","author":"Ruminski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90177-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gender- and age-related differences in heart rate dynamics: are women more complex than men?","volume":"24","author":"Ryan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.09.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accuracy of shock index versus ABC score to predict need for massive transfusion in trauma patients","volume":"49","author":"Schroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02828282","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of anemia on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation","volume":"6","author":"Severinghaus","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2029240","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement","volume":"383","author":"Sjoding","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.831179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sex matters: a comprehensive comparison of female and male hearts","volume":"13","author":"St Pierre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.04.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction models need appropriate internal, internal-external, and external validation","volume":"69","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00341-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Internal validation of predictive models","volume":"54","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2337313","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast implementation of DeLong\u2019s algorithm for comparing the areas under correlated receiver operating characteristic curves","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20230415-02","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cohen\u2019s and Hedges\u2019 g","volume":"62","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Educ."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2017.12.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction of massive bleeding in a prehospital setting: validation of six scoring systems","volume":"43","author":"Terceros-Almanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Intensiva"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib52","author":"American College of Emergency Physicians","year":"1996","edition":"4rd edn","type":"book"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001760","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Early identification of patients requiring massive transfusion, embolization or hemostatic surgery for traumatic hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reporting and interpreting decision curve analysis: a guide for investigators","volume":"74","author":"Van Calster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384\u2013388;discussion388","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182095a0a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identifying risk for massive transfusion in the relatively normotensive patient: utility of the prehospital shock index","volume":"70","author":"Vandromme","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.13026\/C26K5Q","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Massachusetts general hospital-Marquette foundation hemodynamic and electrocardiographic database\u2014comprehensive collection of critical care waveforms","volume":"7","author":"Welch","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1912526","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models","volume":"50","author":"White","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02261-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlation between mortality and blood transfusion in patients with major surgery initially admitted to intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib60","article-title":"AI gone astray: technical supplement","author":"Yang","year":"2022","type":"preprint"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03379-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction of hypotension events with physiologic vital sign signatures in the intensive care unit","volume":"24","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"pmeaae4571bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228\u20131236;discussion1236","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000220386.84012.bf","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trauma associated severe hemorrhage (TASH)-Score: probability of mass transfusion as surrogate for life threatening hemorrhage after multiple trauma","volume":"60","author":"Polytrauma Study Group of the German Trauma Society","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma"}],"container-title":["Physiological Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:47:39Z","timestamp":1771832859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae4571","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-3334","1361-6579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Development and evaluation of a prediction model for adult ICU hemorrhage using only continuous cardiorespiratory data","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiological Measurement","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-07-29","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-02-12","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}