{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:19:55Z","timestamp":1793089195719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR East Midlands ARC"},{"name":"UK Department of Health and Social Care"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UKRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000364","name":"Stroke Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"van Geest Cardiovascular Sciences Fund Award"},{"name":"Stroke Association Clinical Lectureship","award":["MR\/Y016807\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/Y016807\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cerebral autoregulation (CA) maintains stable cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuations. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) report CBF surrogates and facilitate CA assessment. This study aimed to investigate the distinct information they provide about dynamic CA (dCA) responses to MAP step changes\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Simultaneous TCD-NIRS was performed on 28 healthy older participants alongside continuous measurements of beat-to-beat and breath-to-breath MAP, heart rate and end-tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Transfer function analysis (TFA) was performed, varying input\/output metrics including MAP, middle and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity macrovasculature velocity (MCAv\/PCAv) and oxyhaemoglobin (HbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), comparing macro- and microvasculature dCA, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    No differences in regional MAP step change HbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    responses were found across eight pre-frontal (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.14) or four averaged regions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.69). There was a significant effect of time in HbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    responses to MAP step change (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), and to MCAv step change (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.016). There were also significant differences between HbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and MCAv and PCAv responses (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Distinct TCD and NIRS step responses suggest much slower dCA responses in the microvasculature, compared to MCA and PCA, without regional differences.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further investigation into regional dCA differences is needed alongside potential benefits of simultaneous TCD-NIRS in pathological states.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05649800<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:55:31Z","timestamp":1776898531000},"page":"055003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simultaneous macrovasculature and microvasculature cerebral autoregulation derived from the transfer function analysis of integrated cerebral haemodynamic data in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-6988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James D","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronney B","family":"Panerai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0576-9105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jatinder S","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Sensier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thompson","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3140-8688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy C","family":"Beishon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.45","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans","volume":"20","author":"Aaslid","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.6.0769","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries","volume":"57","author":"Aaslid","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.594168","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation in stroke","volume":"41","author":"Aries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17709166","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noninvasive optical monitoring of critical closing pressure and arteriole compliance in human subjects","volume":"37","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1028864","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in near-infrared spectroscopy using short channels: a feasibility study in acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"13","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.01.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial doppler assessment of cerebral autoregulation","volume":"35","author":"Bellapart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14982","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Losing the dogmatic view of cerebral autoregulation","volume":"9","author":"Brassard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080236","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reliability of dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurement using spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure","volume":"116","author":"Brodie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120910","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantifying neurovascular coupling through a concurrent assessment of arterial, capillary, and neuronal activation in humans: a multimodal EEG-fNIRS-TCD investigation","volume":"302","author":"Burma","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.2895","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is unaffected by aging","volume":"31","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086910","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aging of the arterial system","volume":"24","author":"Castelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01407.2010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Contribution of arterial Windkessel in low-frequency cerebral hemodynamics during transient changes in blood pressure","volume":"110","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.927009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a potential mechanism of orthostatic hypotension and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/3\/004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reproducibility of cerebral blood volume measurements by near infrared spectroscopy in 16 healthy elderly subjects","volume":"27","author":"Claassen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15626425","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a white paper from the international cerebral autoregulation research network","volume":"36","author":"Claassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.69","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Claassen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00122-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of age-related decline of neurovascular coupling responses by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in humans","volume":"41","author":"Csipo","year":"2019","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increased cognitive workload evokes greater neurovascular coupling responses in healthy young adults","volume":"16","author":"Csipo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18806107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation estimates derived from near infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler are similar after correction for transit time and blood flow and blood volume oscillations","volume":"40","author":"Elting","year":"2020b","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227651","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans: is reproducibility dependent on blood pressure variability?","volume":"15","author":"Elting","year":"2020a","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.09.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reproducibility and variability of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during passive cyclic leg raising","volume":"36","author":"Elting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.4.027-029.ebo","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How sample size influences research outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Faber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153728","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation measured by diffuse correlation spectroscopy","volume":"43","author":"Favilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024322","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The NIRS analysis package: noise reduction and statistical inference","volume":"6","author":"Fekete","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure","volume":"96","author":"Franklin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269654","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Portable wireless and fibreless fNIRS headband compares favorably to a stationary headcap-based system","volume":"17","author":"Friesen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of resting-state fnirs scanning duration on functional brain connectivity and graph theory metrics of brain network","volume":"11","author":"Geng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-025-02549-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Macro- and microcirculation characteristics in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery in infants with congenital heart diseases","volume":"40","author":"Georgiev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199009000-00004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The frequency-dependent behavior of cerebral autoregulation","volume":"362","author":"Giller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0706-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation: different signal processing methods without influence on results and reproducibility","volume":"48","author":"Gommer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy to assess cerebral autoregulation and optimal mean arterial pressure in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: a prospective multicenter feasibility study","volume":"2","author":"Griesdale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Explor."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Imbalance between left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depression is linked to negative emotional judgment: an fmri study in severe major depressive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Grimm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-025-00517-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of mild hypo- and hyperventilation on cerebral oxygen supply during general anesthesia","volume":"14","author":"Groene","year":"2025","journal-title":"Perioper. Med. (Lond)"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144289","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Study of middle cerebral artery in human cadaveric brain","volume":"22","author":"Gunnal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.9.2.025001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signal quality and development of the hemodynamic phase correlation signal","volume":"9","author":"Hakim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231173449","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Heutz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigating human neurovascular coupling using functional neuroimaging: a critical review of dynamic models","volume":"9","author":"Huneau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19871013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of cerebral autoregulation in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies at rest","volume":"39","author":"Intharakham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1485-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of blood flow and volume exchange across the microcirculation","volume":"20","author":"Jacob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2012.53","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation and acute ischemic stroke","volume":"25","author":"Jordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.003403","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy in a single step","volume":"5","author":"Kainerstorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2025.103291","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Age and orthostatic hypotension are associated with baroreflex sensitivity and cerebral oxygenation after postural change","volume":"260","author":"Klop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci.: Basic Clin."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241247633","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship during forced oscillations induced by oscillatory lower body negative pressure","volume":"44","author":"Labrecque","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241229908","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Depression of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neural activation: the role of responders and non-responders","volume":"44","author":"Ladthavorlaphatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.9.3.035003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correction of global physiology in resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Lanka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318191fb5d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Left-to-right differences of regional cerebral oxygen saturation and oxygen extraction in preterm infants during the first days of life","volume":"65","author":"Lemmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of cerebral autoregulation with transcranial doppler sonography in poor bone windows using constant infusion of an ultrasound contrast agent","volume":"34","author":"Lorenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00896-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of cerebral autoregulatory function and inter-hemispheric blood flow in older adults with internal carotid artery stenosis using transcranial Doppler sonography-based measurement of transient hyperemic response after carotid artery compression","volume":"45","author":"Magyar-stang","year":"2023","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318186bd67","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Screening performance of the 15-Item geriatric depression scale in a diverse elderly home care population","volume":"16","author":"Marc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04933-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The impact of age, sex, cardio-respiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and baroreflex sensitivity","volume":"122","author":"Maxwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.092","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Does the resting state connectivity have hemispheric asymmetry? A near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"85","author":"Medvedev","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.17.2.144","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A functional perspective on the embryology and anatomy of the cerebral blood supply","volume":"17","author":"Menshawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/5\/673","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurement using transcranial Doppler ultrasound reproducible in the presence of high concentration oxygen and carbon dioxide?","volume":"37","author":"Minhas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04681-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy: validation using transcranial Doppler in patients with controlled hypertension, cognitive impairment and controls","volume":"121","author":"Mol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00162","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of the brain\u2019s macro- and micro-circulatory blood flow responses to CO2 via transfer function analysis","volume":"7","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66317-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral macro- and microcirculatory blood flow dynamics in successfully treated chronic hypertensive patients with and without white mater lesions","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The montreal cognitive assessment, moca: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in orthostatic hypotension","volume":"29","author":"Novak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.08.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Static autoregulation in humans: a review and reanalysis","volume":"36","author":"Numan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318271fb10","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Validation of a stand-alone near-infrared spectroscopy system for monitoring cerebral autoregulation during cardiac surgery","volume":"116","author":"Ono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Negative emotion modulates prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task: a NIRS study","volume":"8","author":"Ozawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104259","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pulsatility damping in the microcirculation: basic pattern and modulating factors","volume":"139","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s10558-007-9044-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation: from models to clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Panerai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-009-0011-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler for evaluation of cerebral autoregulation","volume":"19","author":"Panerai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab7ddf","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chasing the evidence: the influence of data segmentation on estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation","volume":"41","author":"Panerai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221119760","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a CARNet white paper 2022 update","volume":"43","author":"Panerai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2162","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.5.H2162","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow velocity response to induced and spontaneous sudden changes in arterial blood pressure","volume":"280","author":"Panerai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00161.2012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multivariate modeling of cognitive-motor stimulation on neurovascular coupling: transcranial Doppler used to characterize myogenic and metabolic influences","volume":"303","author":"Panerai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/5\/661","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Statistical criteria for estimation of the cerebral autoregulation index (ARI) at rest","volume":"37","author":"Panerai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aaf160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inter-subject analysis of transfer function coherence in studies of dynamic cerebral autoregulation","volume":"39","author":"Panerai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00631.2005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow velocity during mental activation: interpretation with different models of the passive pressure-velocity relationship","volume":"99","author":"Panerai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.11.2341","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Grading of cerebral dynamic autoregulation from spontaneous fluctuations in arterial blood pressure","volume":"29","author":"Panerai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9114-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combined transfer function analysis and modelling of cerebral autoregulation","volume":"34","author":"Payne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Payne","year":"2016","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31784-7","type":"book"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.653167","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differentiating dynamic cerebral autoregulation across vascular territories","volume":"12","author":"Reehal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/4\/785","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coupling between arterial pressure, cerebral blood velocity, and cerebral tissue oxygenation with spontaneous and forced oscillations","volume":"36","author":"Rickards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.06.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regional blood flow in the normal and ischemic brain is controlled by arteriolar smooth muscle cell contractility and not by capillary pericytes","volume":"87","author":"Robert, Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib79","author":"Safar","year":"2007","type":"book"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2009.02073.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cross\u2010talk between macro\u2010 and microcirculation","volume":"198","author":"Safar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12030247","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Commercial NIRs may not detect hemispheric regional disparity in continuously measured COx\/COx\u2212a: an exploratory healthy and cranial trauma time-series analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sainbhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"07TR02","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/acdfb6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regional disparity in continuously measured time-domain cerebrovascular reactivity indices: a scoping review of human literature","volume":"44","author":"Sainbhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aae9fd","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reproducibility of dynamic cerebral autoregulation parameters: a multi-centre, multi-method study","volume":"39","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00865","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation reproducibility is affected by physiological variability","volume":"10","author":"Sanders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-824X-6-19","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ageing and microvasculature","volume":"6","author":"Scioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vasc. Cell"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2021.010502","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies","volume":"31","author":"Serdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Med. (Zagreb)"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00064.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex, emotion, and approach\/withdrawal motivation","volume":"2","author":"Spielberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142254","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation assessment using the near infrared spectroscopy \u2018nirs-only\u2019 high frequency methodology in critically ill patients: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Tas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurements","volume":"26","author":"Tiecks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa224","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Tieges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.10.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the old using a repeated sit-stand maneuver","volume":"36","author":"Van Beek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000106486.26626.E2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial doppler and near-infrared spectroscopy can evaluate the hemodynamic effect of carotid artery occlusion","volume":"35","author":"Vernieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.238","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel method for assessing cerebral autoregulation in preterm infants using transfer function analysis","volume":"79","author":"Vesoulis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3182110177","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid assessment of cerebral autoregulation by near-infrared spectroscopy and a single dose of phenylephrine","volume":"69","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231210430","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Static autoregulation in humans","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-016-0476-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study dynamic stereoscopic depth perception","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00732-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in anterior and posterior cerebral circulation during cold pressor test","volume":"70","author":"Washio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00817-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Validity of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography-determined dynamic cerebral autoregulation estimated using transfer function analysis","volume":"36","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"pmeaae63a3bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H233","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.1.H233","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans","volume":"274","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Physiological Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:30:08Z","timestamp":1778056208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae63a3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-3334","1361-6579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Simultaneous macrovasculature and microvasculature cerebral autoregulation derived from the transfer function analysis of integrated cerebral haemodynamic data in older adults","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiological Measurement","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-10-03","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}