{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:11:13Z","timestamp":1779102673821,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USAF\/AFMC AFRL Wright Patterson AFB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The objective of this study is to develop a low-order mathematical model of respiratory gas exchange for design and evaluation of physiological closed-loop controlled (PCLC) mechanical ventilation and oxygenation systems, particularly under acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) conditions.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Experimental data from 11 swine subjects undergoing ARDS followed by hemorrhage were used to derive the mathematical model. The animals were ventilated using a PCLC system that regulated inspired oxygen fraction (FiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and other ventilation parameters. The mathematical model takes metabolic carbon dioxide production rate (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mover>\n                                  <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                                  <mml:mo>\u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n                                <\/mml:mover>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>CO<\/mml:mtext>\n                              <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ), FiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and PEEP as inputs and outputs end-tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    pressure (PetCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), arterial oxygen pressure (PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and oxygen saturation (SaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The mathematical model accurately reproduced observed gas exchange dynamics in ARDS conditions, effectively capturing O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    behavior in response to the controlled ventilation parameters.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The present study focuses on mathematical model development and calibration using experimental data. The current results support its utility in simulating respiratory gas exchange under lung injury conditions. This low-order mathematical model may offer a promising tool for evaluating and designing PCLC mechanical ventilation and oxygenation, with potential applications in controller development and its preclinical testing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae674f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:39:21Z","timestamp":1777595961000},"page":"055016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mathematical modeling of the respiratory system in swine with acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Dashti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8924-8375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsend-Ayush","family":"Batsaikhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perenlei","family":"Enkhbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Blakeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0912-3360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard D","family":"Branson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5429-2836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Oh","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Scully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2660-0851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramin","family":"Bighamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaae674fbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0337-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relation between PaO2\/FIO2 ratio and FIO2: a mathematical description","volume":"32","author":"Aboab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"pmeaae674fbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H899","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00230.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An integrated mathematical model of the human cardiopulmonary system: model development","volume":"310","author":"Albanese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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