{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:52:14Z","timestamp":1782204734456,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medi Plus Solution"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To evaluate the criterion validity of a new wearable device (DOFIT PRO) for heart rate (HR), step count, and energy expenditure (EE), and to compare accuracy across four wrist placements in laboratory and simulated free-living protocols.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Thirty-two healthy adults wore four devices (right\/left; proximal\/distal) during a treadmill protocol (rest, 3.2 and 6.4 km h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    walking, 9.7 km h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    jogging, recovery) and ten standardized simulated free-living protocols. Criterion measures were chest-strap HR, video-verified steps, and indirect calorimetry (laboratory EE) and ActiGraph accelerometry (simulated free-living EE). Agreement was assessed using mean difference and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    HR MAPE was excellent at rest\/recovery (0.61%\u20135.18%) but deteriorated during brisk walking (20.69%\u201327.63%) and jogging (32.96%\u201341.77%), with substantial underestimation. Step-count accuracy was excellent-good for walking (1.94%\u20137.30%) and good\u2013acceptable for stair climbing (6.05%\u201311.66%), but running showed strong placement effects (treadmill jogging MAPE: right wrist 38.84%\u201350.35% vs left wrist 7.97%\u201313.47%). Arm-dominant tasks produced marked step overestimation (e.g. shopping MAPE 83%\u201395%). EE showed the lowest validity overall, with the most consistent performance during simulated free-living protocols (MAPE 6.98%\u201310.93%) and improved accuracy on the left wrist during vigorous tasks.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    DOFIT PRO appears suitable for resting HR monitoring and step-based assessment of locomotor activity in controlled contexts, whereas vigorous-exercise HR and EE estimates should be interpreted cautiously with attention to activity type and wear location. These findings align with broader evidence that wearable validity is activity- and context-dependent and support the need for device- and placement-specific validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae76b8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:01:43Z","timestamp":1780441303000},"page":"065004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of a novel multi-sensor wearable for measuring heart rate, steps, and energy expenditure in laboratory and simulated free-living protocols"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-2638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"TaeEung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Technical University"},{"name":"Sogang University Gymnasium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-8965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University-Global Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonjung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediplus Solution"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9225-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsoo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8506-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sukho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University-San Antonio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaae76b8bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1255261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How valid are wearable physical activity trackers for measuring steps?","volume":"17","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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