{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:45:00Z","timestamp":1792097100088,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","award":["Project: 42544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project: 42544"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002790","name":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2021-03980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2021-03980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023561","name":"Ministerio de Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CAS22\/00271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAS22\/00271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n We tested the hypothesis that the oxygen uptake (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) associated with systematic changes in skin temperature (\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n ) during ramp-incremental exercise would coincide with the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and not the gas exchange threshold (GET).\n Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n Thirty-eight healthy adults (16 females; 24 \u00b1 5 years, body mass 73.0 \u00b1 11.4 kg, height 174.8 \u00b1 8.5 cm) completed a ramp-incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer (20\u201345 W min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n depending on self-reported aerobic fitness; selected to induce task disengagement within 10\u201315 min) in a climate-controlled laboratory. Throughout the protocol, ventilatory and gas exchange variables were acquired breath-by-breath using a metabolic cart and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n of the posterior calf was recorded revolution-by-revolution using an infrared camera.\n Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n The\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n -time relationship exhibited either an abrupt or gradual deceleration as exercise time progressed. The\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n associated with this change-point was identified visually or by finding the local maximum of the second derivative of a 6th-order polynomial fit to the data. The\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at GET and RCP were determined visually. Overall, the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at GET, RCP and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n breakpoint identified visually or modelled were 1884 \u00b1 466, 2633 \u00b1 747, 1969 \u00b1 462, and 1769 \u00b1 508 ml\u2219min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively. Compared to the\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at GET, higher values were reported when\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n breakpoint was identified visually (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04, ESg = 0.3, 95%CI[1, 170 ml min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ]) and lower by the second derivative (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01, ESg = 0.4, 95%CI[30, 199 ml min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ]). Larger effect sizes were observed for RCP (visually:\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001, ESg = 1.3, 95%CI[524, 803 ml min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ]; second derivative:\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001, ESg = 1.7, 95%CI[724, 1003 ml min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ]). Intraclass correlation of\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mtext>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n between\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n and GET ranged from very good-to-excellent (0.67\u20130.92) but were not significant for RCP. For GET, mean absolute percentage error was 12.5% (95%CI: 9.4%\u201315.7%) and 14.5% (95%CI: 11.1%\u201317.9%) for the visual and second-derivative methods, respectively, and for RCP, 23.2% (95% CI: 18.6%\u201327.8%) and 31.4% (95% CI: 26.7%\u201336.2%).\n Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n Findings suggest a statistical association between intensity-dependent changes in metabolism and the\n T<\/jats:italic>\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n response of the calf.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae8a10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:54:10Z","timestamp":1783997650000},"page":"075011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in calf skin temperature during ramp-incremental cycling exercise and their association with gas exchange and respiratory compensation thresholds"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0375-1454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose I","family":"Priego-Quesada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9842-8112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9443-126X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dami","family":"Adejuwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A","family":"Keir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario"},{"name":"Toronto General Hospital"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmeaae8a10bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1134\/S0362119711050033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin temperature and lactate threshold during muscle work in athletes","volume":"37","author":"Akimov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. 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