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Prog. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The thermoelectric performance of a material is determined by the fundamental transport dynamics of itinerant charge carriers and their interactions with the environment. For two-dimensional oxide thermoelectrics, predominantly represented by doped SrTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based superlattices (SLs), reduced spatial dimensions and increased effective mass are known to enhance thermopower (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). However, because of their large effective Bohr radius resulting from the high dielectric constant, SrTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based systems have limitations in exhibiting the 2D characteristic. Here, we focus on EuTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    as an alternative perovskite platform in which fractional La\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Eu\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      1\u2212\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    TiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/EuTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    artificial SLs demonstrate the improvement in 2D nature for the dimensionality-induced enhancement of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We observed a quasi-2D thermopower\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2D<\/jats:sub>\n                    of \u2212950\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    V K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2D<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3D<\/jats:sub>\n                    of \u223c20 resulting from the improved 2D confinement. Thermopower measurements, combined with hybrid density functional theory calculations, show the enhanced\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    originates from the confinement of Ti 3\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      d\n                      <jats:sub>xy<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    -orbitals within the La\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Eu\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      1\u2212\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    TiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    layers and the associated increase in the 2D density of states. A smaller effective Bohr radius and modified electronic band structures, in conjunction with the presence of the Eu 4\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    -states in EuTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    modified the local electronic potential and strengthened the spatial confinement of Ti 3\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    -states. This approach to improving the dimensional confinement establishes a small effective Bohr radius and 4\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    -state assisted 2D confinement provides valuable insights into the design of high-performance applications in artificial oxide SLs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae2f96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:52:24Z","timestamp":1766184744000},"page":"010501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving 2D-ness to enhance thermopower in oxide superlattices"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-7988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongwon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1260-1850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inseo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-4923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Qiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5295-8440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woo Tack","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-142X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Si-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minseok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-0343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2872-6191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woo Seok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ropae2f96bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.703","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thermoelectric cooling and power generation","volume":"285","author":"Disalvo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ropae2f96bib2","author":"Rowe","year":"1995","type":"book"},{"key":"ropae2f96bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex thermoelectric materials","volume":"7","author":"Snyder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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