{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:17:35Z","timestamp":1788963455346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB1270000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB1270000"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFA1409200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1409200"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["ZDKYYQ20210003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKYYQ20210003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12141002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12141002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rep. Prog. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Near a quantum critical point (QCP), the low-temperature thermodynamics follows universal scaling laws. Using copper sulfate pentahydrate\u2014a canonical spin-1\/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain compound\u2014we report the observation of a universal magnetocaloric effect (MCE) near a field-driven QCP. Remarkably, in the 1D quantum-critical regime, we obtain the universal magnetocaloric scaling function via adiabatic demagnetization measurements, which agrees with the analytical solution\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \u03a8<\/mml:mi>\n \n \u0393<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n F<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n (<\/mml:mo>\n x<\/mml:mi>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of the critical 1D Fermi gas. This establishes the copper sulfate crystal as an ideal platform for studying quantum criticality and universal phenomena. Upon further cooling, our MCE and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements reveal a dimensional crossover to a 3D quantum-critical regime of the Bose\u2013Einstein condensation (BEC) universality class, characterized by the scaling law\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n T<\/mml:mi>\n \n c<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \u221d<\/mml:mo>\n (<\/mml:mo>\n \n B<\/mml:mi>\n \n c<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n B<\/mml:mi>\n \n )<\/mml:mo>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n \n \/<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 3<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and a clear data collapse of the magnetic Gr\u00fcneisen ratio with the 3D Bose-gas scaling function\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \u03a6<\/mml:mi>\n \n \u0393<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n B<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n (<\/mml:mo>\n x<\/mml:mi>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n . Practically, this quantum-critical MCE enables cooling to 68.7 mK near the QCP and achieves a lowest temperature of 12.8 mK at zero field without the need for helium-3. Our work identifies a universal MCE in a common compound, establishing this magnon BEC system as a prototype quantum-critical coolant and a platform for next-generation millikelvin refrigeration.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T22:49:51Z","timestamp":1787352591000},"page":"098003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring universal magnetocaloric scaling functions near quantum critical point"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3209-6620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junsen","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6140-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enze","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinxin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai-Wei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-1125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-952X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wentao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0781-0626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-5634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peijie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ropae9cdcbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5465.475","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum criticality: competing ground states in low dimensions","volume":"288","author":"Sachdev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03279","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum criticality","volume":"433","author":"Coleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib3","author":"Sachdev","year":"2015","type":"book"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180085","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum criticality in an Ising chain: experimental evidence for emergent E8 symmetry","volume":"327","author":"Coldea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217990","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in optical lattices","volume":"335","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2052-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Strange-metal behaviour in a pure ferromagnetic Kondo lattice","volume":"579","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys893","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation in magnetic insulators","volume":"4","author":"Giamarchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.86.563","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation in quantum magnets","volume":"86","author":"Zapf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01617","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation of the triplet states in the magnetic insulator TlCuCl 3","volume":"423","author":"R\u00fcegg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.087203","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetic-field-induced condensation of triplons in han purple pigment BaCuSi2O6","volume":"93","author":"Jaime","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04732","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dimensional reduction at a quantum critical point","volume":"441","author":"Sebastian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.077204","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation of S=1 nickel spin degrees of freedom in NiCl 2-4SC(NH 2) 2","volume":"96","author":"Zapf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.187205","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Direct measurement of the Bose-Einstein condensation universality class in NiCl 2-4SC(NH 2) 2 at ultralow temperatures","volume":"101","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06885-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Giant magnetocaloric effect in spin supersolid candidate Na 2BaCo(PO 4) 2","volume":"625","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-024-02498-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A quantum critical Bose gas of magnons in the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet YbCl 3 under magnetic fields","volume":"20","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2211193119","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional quantum universality in the spin-1\/2 triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnet Na 2BaCo(PO 4) 2","volume":"119","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41535-022-00500-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spin supersolidity in nearly ideal easy-axis triangular quantum antiferromagnet Na 2BaCo(PO 4) 2","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Quantum Mater."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib18","author":"Klein","year":"2007","type":"book"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/143853a0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Specific heat of copper sulphate below 1 \u2218K","volume":"143","author":"Ashmead","year":"1939","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-8914(64)90237-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The susceptibilities of the two magnetic systems in CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O between 4.2 K and 0.3 K","volume":"30","author":"Wittekoek","year":"1964","journal-title":"Physica"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1841050","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heat capacity, entropy and magnetic moment of single-crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O with fields to 90 kG \u2225 to the \u03b1 magnetic axis","volume":"46","author":"Anderson","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2652","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fractional spinon excitations in the quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain","volume":"9","author":"Mourigal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6862","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017047108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetocaloric effect and magnetic cooling near a field-induced quantum-critical point","volume":"108","author":"Wolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/400\/3\/032043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetic cooling through quantum criticality","volume":"400","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600835","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Super-heavy electron material as metallic refrigerant for adiabatic demagnetization cooling","volume":"2","author":"Tokiwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44643","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Criticality-enhanced magnetocaloric effect in quantum spin chain material copper nitrate","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-021-00142-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Frustrated magnet for adiabatic demagnetization cooling to milli-kelvin temperatures","volume":"2","author":"Tokiwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.89.144416","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetic entropy landscape and Gr\u00fcneisen parameter of a quantum spin ladder","volume":"89","author":"Ryll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao3773","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao3773","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum criticality in the spin-1\/2 Heisenberg chain system copper pyrazine dinitrate","volume":"3","author":"Breunig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.060408","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Giant magnetic field dependence of the coupling between spin chains in BaCo 2V 2O 8","volume":"92","author":"Klanj\u0161ek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5868","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.5868","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute magnons in TlCuCl3","volume":"84","author":"Nikuni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.020404","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the magnetic-field-induced ordered phase in the NiCl 2-4SC(NH 2) 2 compound","volume":"95","author":"Blinder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.066404","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Universally diverging Gr\u00fcneisen parameter and the magnetocaloric effect close to quantum critical points","volume":"91","author":"Zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2004\/07\/P07012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetocaloric effect in one-dimensional antiferromagnets","volume":"2004","author":"Zhitomirsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Stat. Mech."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.205129","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sign change of the Gr\u00fcneisen parameter and magnetocaloric effect near quantum critical points","volume":"72","author":"Garst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4961708","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetic cooling close to a quantum phase transition\u2014the case of Er 2Ti 2O 7","volume":"120","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.3.033094","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Significant inverse magnetocaloric effect induced by quantum criticality","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Res."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-01010-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum spin liquid candidate as superior refrigerant in cascade demagnetization cooling","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51146-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetocaloric effect of topological excitations in Kitaev magnets","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65651-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum supercritical regime with universal magnetocaloric scaling in Ising magnets","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/bp6l-46z7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Critical fluctuations and conserved dynamics in a strange ferromagnetic metal","volume":"135","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19133461004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interferenzerscheinungen bei r\u00f6ntgenstrahlen","volume":"346","author":"Friedrich","year":"1913","journal-title":"Ann. Phys., Lpz."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-8914(50)90099-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On the nuclear magnetic resonance in an antiferromagnetic crystal","volume":"16","author":"Bloembergen","year":"1950","journal-title":"Physica"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01134a017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The heat capacity and magnetic properties of single crystal copper sulfate pentahydrate from 0.25 to 4 \u2218K","volume":"74","author":"Geballe","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1669678","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetothermodynamics of single-crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O. II. fields \u2225 to the \u03b1-magnetic axis. Thermodynamic temperature and heat capacity without heat introduction below 0.4 \u2218K. Calorimetric heat capacity from 0.4 \u2218-4.2 \u2218K with fields of 1 and 3 kG","volume":"48","author":"Giauque","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1669715","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetothermodynamics of single-crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O. III. Properties over the range of 0.4 \u2218-4.2 \u2218K with fields to 90 kG \u2225 to the \u03b3 magnetic axis","volume":"48","author":"Giauque","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1670317","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetothermodynamics of single-crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O. IV. Properties over the range 0.4 \u2218-4.2 \u2218K with fields to 90 kG \u2225 to the \u03b2 magnetic axis","volume":"49","author":"Giauque","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1674557","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetothermodynamics of single crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O. V. Fields along the \u03b2 axis. Thermodynamic temperature without heat introduction below 0.5 \u2218K. A reference at 0.035 \u2218K","volume":"53","author":"Giauque","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1063\/1.431224","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetothermodynamics of single crystal CuSO 4\u22c55H 2O. VI. Properties below 0.5 \u2218K by heat introduction with constant fields to 33 kG along the \u03b3 axis. The initial T 5 dependence of entropy and heat capacity for dipole-dipole magnetic interactions","volume":"63","author":"Fisher","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryogenics.2014.03.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators","volume":"62","author":"Shirron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib51","article-title":"Sub-Kelvin cooling systems for quantum computers","author":"Jahromi","year":"2019","type":"conference-proceedings"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1126\/science.326_778","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Helium-3 shortage could put freeze on low-temperature research","volume":"326","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1063\/PT.3.4181","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Helium users are at the mercy of suppliers","volume":"72","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Today"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib54","author":"Giamarchi","year":"2003","edition":"2nd edn","type":"book"},{"key":"ropae9cdcbib55","author":"Abraham","year":"1961","type":"book"}],"container-title":["Reports on Progress in Physics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:59:17Z","timestamp":1788962357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae9cdc","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/AE9CDC\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-4885","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Measuring universal magnetocaloric scaling functions near quantum critical point","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reports on Progress in Physics","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-05-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}