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This review presents a physics-based framework for understanding how confinement and interfaces influence experimentally accessible physical observables, including mechanics, molecular transport, partitioning, electrostatic interactions, and phase behavior. Rather than organizing the literature by material systems, we focus on how to interpret these observables, summarize representative experimental approaches along with their physical assumptions and limitations, and discuss how finite confinement influences measurement interpretation and the applicability of bulk theoretical frameworks. By highlighting shared physical characteristics across diverse aqueous microdroplet systems, this review provides a conceptual bridge between traditional bulk studies and confined aqueous solutions. 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