{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:14:41Z","timestamp":1790662481016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semicond. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We report the controllable growth of GaAs quantum complexes in droplet molecular-beam epitaxy, and the optical properties of self-assembled Al\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Ga\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow\/>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    As quantum rings embedded in a superlattice. We found that Ga droplets on a GaAs substrate can retain their geometry up to a maximum temperature of 490 \u00b0C during post-growth annealing, with an optimal temperature of 320 \u00b0C for creating uniform and symmetric droplets. Through controlling only the crystallisation temperature under As\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the range of 450 \u00b0C to 580 \u00b0C, we can reliably control diffusion, adsorption and etching rates to produce various GaAs quantum complexes such as quantum dots, dot pairs and nanoholes. Al\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Ga\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow\/>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    As quantum rings are also realised within these temperatures via the adjustment of As beam equivalent pressure. We found that crystallisation using As\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    molecules in the place of As\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    creates smaller diameter quantum rings at higher density. The photoluminescence of As\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    grown Al\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Ga\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow\/>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    As quantum rings embedded in a superlattice shows a dominant emission from the quantum rings at elevated temperatures. This observation reveals the properties of the quantum ring carrier confinement and their potential application as efficient photon emitters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6641\/ab337e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T05:00:17Z","timestamp":1563512417000},"page":"095011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Control of complex quantum structures in droplet epitaxy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J M A","family":"Chawner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P D","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"sstab337ebib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1063\/1.43770","type":"journal-article","volume":"275","author":"Kastner","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIP Conf. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2019-06-07","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2019-07-19","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2019-08-13","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}