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Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Peroxiredoxins (PRXs) are antioxidant enzymes that exhibit \u223c24 h redox-state oscillations across diverse life forms. These non-transcriptional rhythms operate independently of the canonical transcription\u2013translation feedback loops, suggesting an ancient, conserved timekeeping mechanism. However, whether this redox oscillator meets the core circadian criteria\u2014entrainment and temperature compensation\u2014remains a key question. To address this, we developed and calibrated a mathematical model of the mitochondrial PRX\/ sulfiredoxin\/thioredoxin redox cycle using physiologically meaningful parameters. The model quantitatively reproduced experimental redox oscillations in\n                    <jats:italic>A. thaliana, D. melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>M. musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Simulations revealed that the PRX redox oscillator possesses both temperature-compensated periodicity and the capacity for entrainment by periodic thermal and oxidative signals, thereby fulfilling the core criteria of a circadian clock. The inverse angular speed, when integrated over the closed orbit, is largely temperature-invariant, thus providing a mathematical basis for the observed period stability. The calculated phase response curves, which show phase-dependent shifts, together with the broad Arnold tongue for 1:1 resonance, demonstrate a substantial entrainment range that enables the internal rhythm to robustly lock onto periodic environmental Zeitgebers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1478-3975\/ae51fe","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:56:07Z","timestamp":1773442567000},"page":"026007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling reveals temperature compensation and entrainment in the peroxiredoxin-based redox oscillator as an ancient circadian timekeeper"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-7969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbae51febib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81440-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian clock disrupts circadian rhythms and transcription of period and timeless","volume":"93","author":"Allada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pbae51febib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00133-06","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa and other filamentous fungi","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"pbae51febib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219075","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mapping the core of the Arabidopsis circadian clock defines the network structure of the oscillator","volume":"336","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pbae51febib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00965","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coordination of circadian timing in mammals","volume":"418","author":"Reppert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbae51febib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108451","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reconstitution of circadian oscillation of cyanobacterial KaiC phosphorylation in vitro","volume":"308","author":"Nakajima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pbae51febib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09702","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circadian clocks in human red blood cells","volume":"469","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbae51febib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11088","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Peroxiredoxins are conserved markers of circadian rhythms","volume":"485","author":"Edgar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbae51febib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12519","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interplay between cellular redox oscillations and circadian clocks","volume":"17","author":"Rey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. 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