{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:03:23Z","timestamp":1784988203120,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000145","name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["130764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["130764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08-GM1026911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08-GM1026911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-NS100065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NS100065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Current pain research mostly focuses on molecular and synaptic changes at the spinal and peripheral levels. However, a complete understanding of pain mechanisms requires the physiological study of the neocortex. Our goal is to apply a neural decoding approach to read out the onset of acute thermal pain signals, which can be used for brain\u2013machine interface.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We used micro wire arrays to record ensemble neuronal activities from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in freely behaving rats. We further investigated neural codes for acute thermal pain at both single-cell and population levels. To detect the onset of acute thermal pain signals, we developed a novel latent state-space framework to decipher the sorted or unsorted S1 and ACC ensemble spike activities, which reveal information about the onset of pain signals.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The state space analysis allows us to uncover a latent state process that drives the observed ensemble spike activity, and to further detect the \u2018neuronal threshold\u2019 for acute thermal pain on a single-trial basis. Our method achieved good detection performance in sensitivity and specificity. In addition, our results suggested that an optimal strategy for detecting the onset of acute thermal pain signals may be based on combined evidence from S1 and ACC population codes.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our study is the first to detect the onset of acute pain signals based on neuronal ensemble spike activity. It is important from a mechanistic viewpoint as it relates to the significance of S1 and ACC activities in the regulation of the acute pain onset.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa644d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T14:57:17Z","timestamp":1491490637000},"page":"036023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Deciphering neuronal population codes for acute thermal pain"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"},{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaosheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai Phuong Sieu","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby R","family":"Manders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"},{"name":"New York University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaa644dbib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2012.00078","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Support vector machines for spike pattern classification with a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron","volume":"6","author":"Ambard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers Comput. 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