{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:02:37Z","timestamp":1784988157214,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51375296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51375296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and user training (UT) are two types of methods to improve myoelectric control performance for amputees. In this study, we compared the independent effect between tDCS and UT, and investigated the combined effect of tDCS and UT.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . An online paradigm of simultaneous and proportional control (SPC) based on electromyography (EMG) was adopted. The proposed experiments were conducted on six na\u00efve unilateral trans-radial amputees. The subjects each received three types of 20\u2009min interventions: active tDCS with motor training (tDCS\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009UT), active tDCS with quiet sitting (tDCS), and sham tDCS with motor training (UT). The interventions were applied at one week intervals in a randomized order. The subjects performed online control of a feedback arrow with two degrees of freedom (DoFs) to accomplish target reaching motor tasks in pre-sessions and post-sessions. We compared the performance, measured by completion rate, completion time, and efficiency coefficient, between pre-sessions and post-sessions.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The results showed that the intervention tDCS\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009UT and tDCS significantly improved the online SPC performance (i.e. improved the completion rate; reduced the completion time; and improved the efficiency coefficient), while intervention UT did not significantly change the performance. The results also showed that the online SPC performance after intervention tDCS\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009UT and tDCS was not significantly different, but both were significantly better than that after intervention UT.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . tDCS could be an effective intervention to improve the online SPC performance in a short time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T07:15:12Z","timestamp":1497338112000},"page":"046019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation versus user training on improving online myoelectric control for amputees"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaa758ebib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-199600810-00003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidemiologic overview of individuals with upper-limb loss and their reported research priorities","volume":"8","author":"Atkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/14\/i=4\/a=046019\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/14\/i=4\/a=046019?key=crossref.82d8e4fe4375887a7b7d10136aea087d","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/14\/i=4\/a=046019\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/14\/i=4\/a=046019?key=crossref.82d8e4fe4375887a7b7d10136aea087d","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1784985746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa758e","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Transcranial direct current stimulation versus user training on improving online myoelectric control for amputees","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2016-10-07","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-05-30","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-06-13","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}