{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:11:51Z","timestamp":1784736711874,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale per l\u2018Assicurazione Contro Gli Infortuni sul Lavoro","award":["PPR3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Grasping and manipulation control critically depends on tactile feedback. Without this feedback, the ability for fine control of a prosthesis is limited in upper limb amputees. Early studies have shown that non-invasive electro-cutaneous stimulation (ES) can induce\n                    <jats:italic>referred sensations<\/jats:italic>\n                    that are spread to a wider and\/or more distant area, with respect to the electrodes. Building on this, we sought to exploit this effect to provide somatotopically matched sensory feedback to people with partial hand (digital) amputations.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For the first time, this work investigated the possibility of inducing referred sensations in the digits by activating the palmar nerves. Specifically, we electrically stimulated 18 sites on the palm of non-amputees to evaluate the effects of sites and stimulation parameters on modality, magnitude, and location of the evoked sensations. We performed similar tests with partial hand amputees by testing those sites that had most consistently elicited referred sensations in non-amputees.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We demonstrated referred sensations in non-amputees from all stimulation sites in one form or another. Specifically, the stimulation of 16 of the 18 sites gave rise to reliable referred sensations. Amputees experienced referred sensations to unimpaired digits, just like non-amputees, but we were unable to evoke referred sensations in their missing digits: none of them reported sensations that extended beyond the tip of the stump.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The possibility of eliciting referred sensations on the digits may be exploited in haptic systems for providing touch sensations without obstructing the fingertips or their movements. The study also suggests that the phenomenon of referred sensations through ES may not be exploited for partial hand prostheses, and it invites researchers to explore alternative approaches. Finally, the results seem to confirm previous studies suggesting that the stumps in partial hand amputees partially acquire the role of the missing fingertips, physiologically and cognitively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1500961518000},"page":"016003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Electro-cutaneous stimulation on the palm elicits referred sensations on intact but not on amputated digits"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M D\u2019","family":"Alonzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The BioRobotics Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L F","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The BioRobotics Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Controzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The BioRobotics Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The BioRobotics Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaa81e2bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457988","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human ability to discriminate various parameters in afferent electrical nerve stimulation with particular reference to prostheses sensory feedback","volume":"15","author":"Anani","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2217989","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Artificial redirection of sensation from prosthetic fingers to the phantom hand map on transradial amputees: vibrotactile versus mechanotactile sensory feedback","volume":"21","author":"Antfolk","year":"2013a","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.12.68","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sensory feedback in upper limb prosthetics","volume":"10","author":"Antfolk","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/4\/046014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integrated and flexible multichannel interface for electrotactile stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Bijeli\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08099.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom digit somatotopy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in forearm amputees","volume":"36","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.4.393","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Changes in sensation after nerve injury or amputation: the role of central factors","volume":"56","author":"Braune","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib006","author":"Brunicardi","year":"2014","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3109\/08990229109144748","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Immediate expansion of receptive fields of neurons in area 3b of macaque monkeys after digit denervation","volume":"8","author":"Calford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Somatosens. Mot. Res."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2013.6695924","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Phantom finger perception evoked with transcutaneous electrical stimulation for sensory feedback of prosthetic hand","author":"Chai","year":"2013"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/6\/066002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of evoked tactile sensation in forearm amputees with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Chai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2580905","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Developing non-somatotopic phantom finger sensation to comparable levels of somatotopic sensation through user training with electrotactile stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Chai","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830001400404","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom finger phenomena and the effects of toe-to-finger transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Chu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2007.910708","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On the shared control of an EMG-controlled prosthetic hand: analysis of user-prosthesis interaction","volume":"24","author":"Cipriani","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2266482","type":"journal-article","article-title":"HyVE: hybrid vibro-electrotactile stimulation for sensory feedback and substitution in rehabilitation","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Alonzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36001","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/3\/036001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Restoring motor control and sensory feedback in people with upper extremity amputations using arrays of 96 microelectrodes implanted in the median and ulnar nerves","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-138","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Time-division multiplexing for myoelectric closed-loop control using electrotactile feedback","volume":"11","author":"Dosen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system","volume":"487","author":"Edin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019142","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Independent control of human finger-tip forces at individual digits during precision lifting","volume":"450","author":"Edin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-12-08083.1995","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale reorganization at multiple levels of the somatosensory pathway follows therapeutic amputation of the hand in monkeys","volume":"15","author":"Florence","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1117","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale sprouting of cortical connections after peripheral injury in adult macaque monkeys","volume":"282","author":"Florence","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib020","first-page":"346","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of electrode size, shape, and placement during electrical stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Forrester","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2014.05.0128","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface electrical stimulation to evoke referred sensation","volume":"52","author":"Forst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.09.0187","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of sensation evoked by electrocutaneous stimulation on forearm in nondisabled subjects","volume":"49","author":"Geng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591861","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Myoelectric intuitive control and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the forearm for vibrotactile sensation feedback applied to a 3D printed prosthetic hand","author":"Germany","year":"2016"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362ra142","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf5187","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The neural basis of perceived intensity in natural and artificial touch","volume":"8","author":"Graczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.11.2.88","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom limbs","volume":"11","author":"Henderson","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2016.2523799","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Treatment of the partial hand amputation: an engineering perspective","volume":"9","author":"Imbinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90112-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Collateral sprouting in skin and sensory recovery after nerve injury in man","volume":"28","author":"Inbal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2621","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks","volume":"10","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/10.68204","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems","volume":"38","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4602","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale reorganization of the somatosensory cortex following spinal cord injuries is due to brainstem plasticity","volume":"5","author":"Kambi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-22104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Funktion und patientenzufriedenheit nach strahlamputation versus subkapitaler grundgliedamputation des zeigefingers","volume":"34","author":"Karle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Handchir. Mikrochir. Plast. Chir."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00264-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study","volume":"87","author":"Kooijman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.07.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Forelimb amputation-induced reorganization in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) provides a substrate for large-scale cortical reorganization in rat forepaw barrel subfield (FBS)","volume":"1583","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318898","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"A sensory feedback system for prosthetic hand based on evoked tactile sensation","author":"Liu","year":"2015"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-015-0080-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maladaptive plastizit\u00e4t bei chronischen und neuropathischen schmerzen","volume":"30","author":"Lotze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.01.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stability of sensory topographies in adult cortex","volume":"21","author":"Makin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2571","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area","volume":"4","author":"Makin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0138","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasticity of the somatosensory cortical map in macaque monkeys after chronic partial amputation of a digit","volume":"263","author":"Manger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2011.556128","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The appearance of new phantom fingers post- amputation in a phocomelus","volume":"18","author":"McGeoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocase Neural Basis Cogn."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902240408","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Somatosensory cortical map changes following digit amputation in adult monkeys","volume":"224","author":"Merzenich","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(09)86002-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bidirectional interfaces with the peripheral nervous system","volume":"86","author":"Micera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00408.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perceptual embodiment of prosthetic limbs by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Mulvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00593.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for phantom pain and stump pain in adult amputees","volume":"13","author":"Mulvey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-130380","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Usage of the middle finger shapes reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with index finger amputation","volume":"32","author":"Oelschl\u00e4ger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008933","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An osseointegrated human-machine gateway for long-term sensory feedback and motor control of artificial limbs","volume":"6","author":"Ortiz-Catalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1544171","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Upper extremity amputations and prosthetics","volume":"29","author":"Ovadia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.9.1603","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The perception of phantom limbs. The D O Hebb lecture","volume":"121","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.317","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phantom limbs and neural plasticity","volume":"57","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902770408","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Projections of digit afferents to the cuneate nucleus in the raccoon before and after partial deafferentation","volume":"277","author":"Rasmusson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222ra19","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006820","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Restoring natural sensory feedback in real-time bidirectional hand prostheses","volume":"6","author":"Raspopovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib051","first-page":"303","type":"book","article-title":"Recommended procedures for electrocutaneous displays","author":"Saunders","year":"1977"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31812eed9e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Painful and nonpainful phantom and stump sensations in acute traumatic amputees","volume":"65","author":"Schley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trauma Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584538","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrotactile two point discrimination as a function of frequency, pulse width and pulse time delay","volume":"6","author":"Solomonow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/2\/026002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stability and selectivity of a chronic, multi-contact cuff electrode for sensory stimulation in human amputees","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257ra138","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008669","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib057","first-page":"15","type":"book","article-title":"Experience fitting partial hand prostheses with externally powered fingers","author":"Uellendahl","year":"2012"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.727","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microstimulation of single tactile afferents from the human hand","volume":"107","author":"Vallbo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIST.2013.6747492","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Perceptual attributes of cutaneous electrical stimulation to provide sensory information for prosthetic limb","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000456","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid functional plasticity of the somatosensory cortex after finger amputation","volume":"134","author":"Weiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib061","article-title":"Surgical care at the district hospital","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2015.2478153","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of different tactile feedback on myoelectric closed-loop control for grasping based on electrotactile stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaa81e2bib063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0037-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Somatotopical feedback versus non-somatotopical feedback for phantom digit sensation on amputees using electrotactile stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/15\/i=1\/a=016003?key=crossref.5b97c6b470342324f030890ad9632b61","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/15\/i=1\/a=016003\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/15\/i=1\/a=016003\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/1741-2552\/15\/i=1\/a=016003?key=crossref.5b97c6b470342324f030890ad9632b61","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T13:15:18Z","timestamp":1779542118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa81e2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Electro-cutaneous stimulation on the palm elicits referred sensations on intact but not on amputated digits","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2017-05-15","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-07-25","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-12-01","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}