{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:14:13Z","timestamp":1792804453579,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this paper, we report the performance of 9\u201311-year-old children using a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) and provide control data collected from adults for comparison. Children in our study achieved a much higher performance (79% accuracy; average age 9.64 years old) than the only previous investigation of children using an SSVEP-based BCI (\u223c50% accuracy; average age 9.86 years old).\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Experiments were conducted in two phases, a short calibration phase and a longer experimental phase. An offline analysis of the data collected during the calibration phase was used to set two parameters for a classifier and to screen participants who did not achieve a minimum accuracy of 85%.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Eleven of the 14 children and all 11 of the adults who completed the calibration phase met the minimum accuracy requirement. During the experimental phase, children selected targets with a similar accuracy (79% for children versus 78% for adults), latency (2.1 s for children versus 1.9 s for adults), and bitrate (0.50 bits s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for children and 0.56 bits s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for adults) as adults.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study shows that children can use an SSVEP-based BCI with higher performance than previously believed and is the first to report the performance of children using an SSVEP-based BCI in terms of latency and bitrate. The results of this study imply that children with severe motor disabilities (such as locked-in syndrome) may use an SSVEP-based BCI to restore\/replace the ability to communicate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aacfdd","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1530181596000},"page":"056012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The performance of 9\u201311-year-old children using an SSVEP-based BCI for target selection"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9690-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J S","family":"Norton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies"},{"name":"Stratton VA Medical Center"},{"name":"University of Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit E","family":"Alitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Bretl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaacfddbib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/3\/036020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SSVEP-based bremen-BCI interface\u2014boosting information transfer rates","volume":"8","author":"Volosyak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2018-01-13","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-06-20","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-07-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}