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Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The causes for the disabling condition of phantom limb pain (PLP), affecting 85% of amputees, are so far unknown, with few effective treatments available. Sensory feedback based strategies to normalize the motor commands to control the phantom limb offer important targets for new effective treatments as the correlation between phantom limb motor control and sensory feedback from the motor intention has been identified as a possible mechanism for PLP development.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Ten upper-limb amputees, suffering from chronic PLP, underwent 16 days of intensive training on phantom-limb movement control. Visual and tactile feedback, driven by muscular activity at the stump, was provided with the aim of reducing PLP intensity.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A 32.1% reduction of PLP intensity was obtained at the follow-up (6 weeks after the end of the training, with an initial 21.6% reduction immediately at the end of the training) reaching clinical effectiveness for chronic pain reduction. Multimodal sensory-motor training on phantom-limb movements with visual and tactile feedback is a new method for PLP reduction.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study results revealed a substantial reduction in phantom limb pain intensity, obtained with a new training protocol focused on improving phantom limb motor output using visual and tactile feedback from the stump muscular activity executed to move the phantom limb.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aae271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T05:45:16Z","timestamp":1537335916000},"page":"066022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Relieving phantom limb pain with multimodal sensory-motor training"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A M","family":"De Nunzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham"},{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"},{"name":"Otto Bock HealthCare GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Schweisfurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften"},{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Falla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hahne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"G\u00f6decke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Petzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Siebertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Dechent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Flor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Graimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto Bock HealthCare GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O C","family":"Aszmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7883-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"},{"name":"Royal School of Mines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaae271bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-009-0786-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of phantom limb pain and phantom limb sensations in Germany. 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