{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:56:18Z","timestamp":1793483778192,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program"},{"name":"Action on Hearing Loss International Project Grant","award":["G89"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G89"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Training Centre in Biodevices","award":["IC140100023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IC140100023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The performance of neuroprostheses, including cochlear and retinal implants, is currently constrained by the spatial resolution of electrical stimulation. Optogenetics has improved the spatial control of neurons\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    but lacks the fast-temporal dynamics required for auditory and retinal signalling. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that combining optical and electrical stimulation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    could address some of the limitations associated with each of the stimulus modes when used independently.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The response of murine auditory neurons expressing ChR2-H134 to combined optical and electrical stimulation was characterised using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Optogenetic costimulation produces a three-fold increase in peak firing rate compared to optical stimulation alone and allows spikes to be evoked by combined subthreshold optical and electrical inputs. Subthreshold optical depolarisation also facilitated spiking in auditory neurons for periods of up to 30\u2009ms without evidence of wide-scale Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    inactivation.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings may contribute to the development of spatially and temporally selective optogenetic-based neuroprosthetics and complement recent developments in \u2018fast opsins\u2019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T17:45:24Z","timestamp":1578678324000},"page":"016069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Combined optogenetic and electrical stimulation of auditory neurons increases effective stimulation frequency\u2014an\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8134-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William L","family":"Hart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael T","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0081-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kameneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex C","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Stoddart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneab6a68bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69050","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway","volume":"124","author":"Hernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09980-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near physiological spectral selectivity of cochlear optogenetics","volume":"10","author":"Dieter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00104-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Field patterns in a 3D tapered spiral model of the electrically stimulated cochlea","volume":"148","author":"Briaire","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-004-5024-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noise susceptibility of cochlear implant users: the role of spectral resolution and smearing","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"JARO\u2014J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.04.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Virtual channel discrimination is improved by current focusing in cochlear implant recipients","volume":"254","author":"Landsberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/2\/025002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quasi-monopolar electrical stimulation of the retina: a computational modelling study","volume":"11","author":"Abramian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19325","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spatial restriction of neural activation using focused multipolar stimulation with a retinal prosthesis","volume":"57","author":"Spencer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.01.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Considering optogenetic stimulation for cochlear implants","volume":"322","author":"Jeschke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao0540","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao0540","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optogenetic stimulation of cochlear neurons activates the auditory pathway and restores auditory-driven behavior in deaf adult gerbils","volume":"10","author":"Wrobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/0954898X.2016.1224944","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea-A review of mechanisms, measurements, and first models","volume":"27","author":"Weiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Netw. Bristol Engl."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/3\/036003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of focused multipolar stimulation for cochlear implants in long-term deafened cats","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1525","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity","volume":"8","author":"Boyden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290169909","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phototoxicity to the retina: mechanisms of damage","volume":"21","author":"Glickman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00829-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surpassing light-induced cell damage in vitro with novel cell culture media","volume":"7","author":"Stockley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28254-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Blue light excited retinal intercepts cellular signaling","volume":"8","author":"Ratnayake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899649","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrafast optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway by targeting-optimized chronos","volume":"37","author":"Keppeler","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04146-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High frequency neural spiking and auditory signaling by ultrafast red-shifted optogenetics","volume":"9","author":"Mager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00186-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve: III. Response initiation sites and temporal fine structure","volume":"140","author":"Javel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1612492","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Desynchronization of electrically evoked auditory-nerve activity by high-frequency pulse trains of long duration","volume":"114","author":"Litvak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Novel spinal cord stimulation parameters in patients with predominant back pain","volume":"16","author":"Tiede","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol. Neural Interface"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/2\/026008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selectivity of direct and network-mediated stimulation of the retinal ganglion cells with epi-, sub- and intra-retinal electrodes","volume":"11","author":"Boinagrov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/2\/025001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential responses to high-frequency electrical stimulation in ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells","volume":"11","author":"Twyford","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3257230","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Duke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28584","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28584","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Firing frequency and entrainment maintained in primary auditory neurons in the presence of combined BDNF and NT3","volume":"6","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.827531","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimating action potential thresholds from neuronal time-series: new metrics and evaluation of methodologies","volume":"51","author":"Sekerli","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.07.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combined application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 and its impact on spiral ganglion neuron firing properties and hyperpolarization-activated currents","volume":"291","author":"Needham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130200797","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic spike threshold reveals a mechanism for synaptic coincidence detection in cortical neurons in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Azouz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003560","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003560","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spike-threshold adaptation predicted by membrane potential dynamics in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Fontaine","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000850","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000850","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A threshold equation for action potential initiation","volume":"6","author":"Platkiewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01000.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Properties of an intermediate-duration inactivation process of the voltage-gated sodium conductance in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons","volume":"115","author":"French","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0242-05.2005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stimulus history reliably shapes action potential waveforms of cortical neurons","volume":"25","author":"de Polavieja","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.104786","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biophysical mechanisms of transient optical stimulation of peripheral nerve","volume":"93","author":"Wells","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.001451","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Temporal and spatial temperature distributions on glabrous skin irradiated by a 1940\u2009nm continuous-wave laser stimulator","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01186-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adaptive coincidence detection and dynamic gain control in visual cortical neurons in vivo","volume":"37","author":"Azouz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10338","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-32-10338.2003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Role of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current slow inactivation in adaptation of action potential firing in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons","volume":"23","author":"Blair","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(81)84815-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sodium channel inactivation in the crayfish giant axon. Must channels open before inactivating?","volume":"35","author":"Bean","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/291426a0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sodium channels need not open before they inactivate","volume":"291","author":"Horn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607603103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Na channel inactivation from open and closed states","volume":"103","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003220","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Computational optogenetics: empirically-derived voltage- and light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 model","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.11.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Light activation of channelrhodopsin-2 in excitable cells of Caenorhabditis elegans triggers rapid behavioral responses","volume":"15","author":"Nagel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.11.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of engineered channelrhodopsin variants with improved properties and kinetics","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.051961","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A user\u2019s guide to channelrhodopsin variants: features, limitations and future developments","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03281","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast targeted gene transfection and optogenetic modification of single neurons using femtosecond laser irradiation","volume":"3","author":"Antkowiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017210108","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-efficiency channelrhodopsins for fast neuronal stimulation at low light levels","volume":"108","author":"Berndt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2836","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations","volume":"11","author":"Klapoetke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/86.372900","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electronic design of a cochlear implant for multichannel high-rate pulsatile stimulation strategies","volume":"3","author":"Zierhofer","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6609484","type":"other","article-title":"Integrated slanted microneedle-LED array for optogenetics","author":"Kwon","year":"2013"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00588D","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Miniaturized optogenetic neural implants: a review","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.10.084","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimization of a Michigan-type silicon microprobe for infrared neural stimulation","volume":"224","author":"Kiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B"},{"key":"jneab6a68bib050","first-page":"1680","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of the adeno-associated virus mediated long-term expression of channelrhodopsin-2 in the mouse retina","volume":"15","author":"Ivanova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2005839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005839","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-term all-optical interrogation of cortical neurons in awake-behaving nonhuman primates","volume":"16","author":"Ju","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90044-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Current distributions in the cat cochlea: a modelling and electrophysiological study","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneab6a68bib053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900385","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201900385","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biological considerations of optical interfaces for neuromodulation","volume":"7","author":"Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T15:22:51Z","timestamp":1768663371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab6a68","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Combined optogenetic and electrical stimulation of auditory neurons increases effective stimulation frequency\u2014an\n                      in vitro\n                      study","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2019-07-16","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-01-10","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-02-19","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}