{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:10:00Z","timestamp":1792674600660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NNF14OC0011413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF14OC0011413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1RF1MH117428-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1RF1MH117428-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R186-2015-2138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R186-2015-2138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Most approaches to optimize the electric field pattern generated by multichannel transcranial electric stimulation (TES) require the definition of a preferred direction of the electric field in the target region(s). However, this requires knowledge about how the neural effects depend on the field direction, which is not always available. Thus, it can be preferential to optimize the field strength in the target(s), irrespective of the field direction. However, this results in a more complex optimization problem.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We introduce and validate a novel optimization algorithm that maximizes focality while controlling the electric field strength in the target to maintain a defined value. It obeys the safety constraints, allows limiting the number of active electrodes and allows also for multi-target optimization.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The optimization algorithm outperformed na\u00efve search approaches in both quality of the solution and computational efficiency. Using the amygdala as test case, we show that it allows for reaching a reasonable trade-off between focality and field strength in the target. In contrast, simply maximizing the field strength in the target results in far more extended fields. In addition, by maintaining the pre-defined field strengths in the targets, the new algorithm allows for a balanced stimulation of two or more regions.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The novel algorithm can be used to automatically obtain individualized, optimal montages for targeting regions without the need to define preferential directions. It will automatically select the field direction that achieves the desired field strength in the target(s) with the most focal stimulation pattern.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abca15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T17:45:34Z","timestamp":1605203134000},"page":"014001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Optimizing the electric field strength in multiple targets for multichannel transcranial electric stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme B","family":"Saturnino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre"},{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer H","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre"},{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Thielscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre"},{"name":"Technical University of Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneabca15bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07233-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-05-27","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-11-12","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-02-11","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}