{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:56:08Z","timestamp":1792112168755,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH 1 UH2 NS095557-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH 1 UH2 NS095557-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All of the human prosthetic visual systems implanted so far have been achromatic. Schmidt\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1996\n                    <jats:italic>Brain<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>119<\/jats:bold>\n                    507\u201322) reported that at low stimulation intensities their subject reported that phosphenes usually had a specific hue, but when the stimulus intensity was increased, they desaturated to white. We speculate here that previous B\/W prosthetic systems were unnecessarily over-stimulating the visual cortex to obtain white phosphenes, which may be why unexpected alterations in phosphenes and seizures were not an uncommon occurrence. A color prosthesis would have the advantage of being elicited by lower levels of stimulation, reducing the probability of causing epileptogenic responses.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A \u2018hybrid\u2019 mode of stimulation is suggested, involving a combination of B\/W and color stimulation, which could provide color information without reducing spatial resolution.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Colors in the real world are spread along intensity and chromatic gradients.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Software implementation strategies are discussed, as are the advantages and challenges for possible color prosthetic systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abd520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T17:32:07Z","timestamp":1608312727000},"page":"023001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Toward the development of a color visual prosthesis"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vernon L","family":"Towle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McCaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6219-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip R","family":"Troyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneabd520bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.179622","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Argus II study group. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-01-07","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-02-25","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}