{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:45:22Z","timestamp":1786193122326,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a recently proposed non-invasive brain stimulation approach with various effects on the nervous system from the cells to the whole brain networks. Specially in the neural network level, tPBM can alter the topology and synchronizability of functional brain networks. However, the functional properties of the neural networks after tPBM are still poorly clarified.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we employed electroencephalography and different methods (conventional and spectral) in the graph theory analysis to track the significant effects of tPBM on the resting state brain networks. The non-parametric statistical analysis showed that just one short-term tPBM session over right medial frontal pole can significantly change both topological (i.e. clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, eigenvector centrality) and dynamical (i.e. energy, largest eigenvalue, and entropy) features of resting state brain networks.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The topological results revealed that tPBM can reduce local processing, centrality, and laterality. Furthermore, the increased centrality of central electrode was observed.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results suggested that tPBM can alter topology of resting state brain network to facilitate the neural information processing. On the other hand, the dynamical results showed that tPBM reduced stability of synchronizability and increased complexity in the resting state brain networks. These effects can be considered in association with the increased complexity of connectivity patterns among brain regions and the enhanced information propagation in the resting state brain networks. Overall, both topological and dynamical features of brain networks suggest that although tPBM decreases local processing (especially in the right hemisphere) and disrupts synchronizability of network, but it can increase the level of information transferring and processing in the brain network.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T20:39:33Z","timestamp":1619210373000},"page":"046048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Transcranial photobiomodulation changes topology, synchronizability, and complexity of resting state brain networks"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, York University"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"Iranian Neurowave Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Akrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Neurowave Lab"},{"name":"Iran University of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9284-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Moghadam Salimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneabf97cbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Augmentation of cognitive brain functions with transcranial lasers","volume":"8","author":"Gonzalez-Lima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.06.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurological and psychological applications of transcranial lasers and LEDs","volume":"86","author":"Rojas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42693-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pulsed near infrared transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation significantly modulates neural oscillations: a pilot exploratory study","volume":"9","author":"Zomorrodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2221-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults","volume":"32","author":"Vargas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-02710-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation could modulate brain electrophysiological features and attentional performance in healthy young adults","volume":"34","author":"Jahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.44513","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beneficial effects of transcranial light emitting diode (LED) therapy on attentional performance: an experimental design","volume":"19","author":"Sabouri Moghadam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2019.51","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Short-term effects of transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation on motor performance in healthy human subjects: an experimental single-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Fekri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0852-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Brain photobiomodulation therapy: a narrative review","volume":"55","author":"Salehpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.09.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Shining light on the head: photobiomodulation for brain disorders","volume":"6","author":"Hamblin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BBA Clin."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8986\/19\/1\/013003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm","volume":"19","author":"Hennessy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ jnr.24190","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke","volume":"96","author":"Hamblin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq1144","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near-infrared deep brain stimulation via upconversion nanoparticle\u2013mediated optogenetics","volume":"359","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2006.24.121","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation","volume":"24","author":"Desmet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tgaa004","DOI":"10.1093\/ texcom\/tgaa004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Near-infrared light increases functional connectivity with a non-thermal mechanism","volume":"1","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex Commun."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploring the effects of near infrared light on resting and evoked brain activity in humans using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"422","author":"El Khoury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.7.1.015009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light from childhood to elderliness: simulation of dosimetry","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17691783","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Up-regulation of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemodynamics by transcranial infrared laser stimulation: a broadband near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23232","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1 064-nm laser to improve cerebral metabolism of the human brain in vivo","volume":"52","author":"Pruitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05981-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Does photobiomodulation influence the resting-state brain networks in young human subjects?","volume":"239","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3934\/biophy.2017.3.337","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation","volume":"4","author":"Hamblin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS Biophys."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1. nph.6.2.025013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial photobiomodulation with 1 064-nm laser modulates brain electroencephalogram rhythms","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ JSTQE.2016.2561201","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy","volume":"22","author":"De Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30540","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interplay between up-regulation of cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemoglobin oxygenation induced by near-infrared laser","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201200077","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial low level laser (light) therapy for traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biophoton."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2005.10.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex networks: structure and dynamics","volume":"424","author":"Boccaletti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage. 2011.03.069","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Weight-conserving characterization of complex functional brain networks","volume":"56","author":"Rubinov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2006.09.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Network synchronization: spectral versus statistical properties","volume":"224","author":"Atay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-4631-1-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain","volume":"1","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nonlinear Biomed. Phys."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01327","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synchrony and complexity in state-related EEG networks: an application of spectral graph theory","volume":"32","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1586688","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional brain segregation changes during demanding mathematical task","volume":"129","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","type":"journal-article","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2011.9895","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How to report low-level laser therapy (LLLT)\/photomedicine dose and beam parameters in clinical and laboratory studies","volume":"29","author":"Jenkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Sanei","year":"2013","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470511923","type":"book"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15030349","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Medial prefrontal aberrations in major depressive disorder revealed by cytoarchitectonically informed voxel-based morphometry","volume":"173","author":"Bludau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1709843","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A spatial profile difference in electrical distribution of resting-state EEG in ADHD children using sLORETA","volume":"130","author":"Jouzizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.18869\/nirp.bcn.8.4.267","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional brain connectivity differences between different ADHD presentations: impaired functional segregation in ADHD-combined presentation but not in ADHD-inattentive presentation","volume":"8","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195380","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Time estimation and beta segregation: an EEG study and graph theoretical approach","volume":"13","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3233\/JIN-170045","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation based on quantitative electroencephalogram combining positive psychotherapy for major depression","volume":"17","author":"Khayyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.04.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG and intelligence: relations between EEG coherence, EEG phase delay and power","volume":"116","author":"Thatcher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/ hbm.20474","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of cortical connections as measured by EEG coherence and phase delays","volume":"29","author":"Thatcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e628","DOI":"10.1038\/ tp.2015.124","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurophysiological features of internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder: a resting-state EEG study","volume":"5","author":"Son","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/ nrn2575","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Small-world brain networks","volume":"12","author":"Bassett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40810-015-0015-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coherence a measure of the brain networks: past and present","volume":"2","author":"Bowyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29780","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional brain networks: does the choice of dependency estimator and binarization method matter?","volume":"6","author":"Jalili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi. 1005025","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling of large-scale functional brain networks based on structural connectivity from DTI: comparison with EEG derived phase coupling networks and evaluation of alternative methods along the modeling path","volume":"12","author":"Finger","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86) 90107-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cortico-cortical associations and EEG coherence: a two-compartmental model","volume":"64","author":"Thatcher","year":"1986","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3952","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What does gamma coherence tell us about inter-regional neural communication?","volume":"18","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence","volume":"88","author":"Fries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.05.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What graph theory actually tells us about resting state interictal MEG epileptic activity","volume":"8","author":"Niso","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20346","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phase lag index: assessment of functional connectivity from multi channel EEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources","volume":"28","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth. 2007.06.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG and MEG coherence: measures of functional connectivity at distinct spatial scales of neocortical dynamics","volume":"166","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp. 12287","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reliability of event-related EEG functional connectivity during visual entrainment: magnitude squared coherence and phase synchrony estimates","volume":"52","author":"Miskovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2011.619241","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coherence, phase differences, phase shift, and phase lock in EEG\/ERP analyses","volume":"37","author":"Thatcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-884X(96) 95191-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG coherency I: statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales","volume":"103","author":"Nunez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1300\/j184v04n03_06","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automatic artifact detection, overlapping windows, and state transitions","volume":"4","author":"Kaiser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurother."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint. 2018.00016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evidence for a resting state network abnormality in adults who stutter","volume":"12","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.47","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Statistical mechanics of complex networks","volume":"74","author":"Albert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749 -6632.2010.05888.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The human connectome: a complex network","volume":"1224","author":"Sporns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disruption of functional brain networks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: what can we learn from graph spectral analysis of resting-state magnetoencephalography?","volume":"2","author":"De Haan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2476787","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex network measures in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"15","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4937451","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spectral properties of the temporal evolution of brain network structure","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev Lett.106.058101","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Predicting criticality and dynamic range in complex networks: effects of topology","volume":"106","author":"Larremore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59448-9_13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The energy of a graph: old and new results","author":"Gutman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Algebr. Comb. Appl."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2015.7163910","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Spectral graph theory and graph energy metrics show evidence for the Alzheimer\u2019s disease disconnection syndrome in APOE-4 risk gene carriers","author":"Daianu","year":"2015"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/729806","type":"other","article-title":"Synchrony and complexity in state-related EEG networks: an application of spectral graph theory","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2019"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2202127","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synchronizability of EEG-based functional networks in early alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Tahaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib70","author":"Shannon","year":"1949","type":"book"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068910","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BrainNet viewer: a network visualization tool for human brain connectomics","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005. 03.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fronto-parietal EEG coherence in theta and upper alpha reflect central executive functions of working memory","volume":"57","author":"Sauseng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Frontal theta and beta synchronizations for monetary reward increase visual working memory capacity","volume":"8","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage. 2009.01.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BOLD correlates of EEG alpha phase-locking and the fMRI default mode network","volume":"45","author":"Jann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011. 05.052","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The default mode network and EEG alpha oscillations: an independent component analysis","volume":"1402","author":"Knyazev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0028 -3932(88)90013-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Facial asymmetry while posing positive and negative emotions: support for the right hemisphere hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Borod","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(86)90035-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hemispheric lateralization of functions related to emotion","volume":"5","author":"Silberman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418785342","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emotions and the right hemisphere: can new data clarify old models?","volume":"29","author":"Gainotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.11.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans","volume":"230","author":"Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59448-9_13","type":"book","author":"Gutman","year":"2013"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.laa.2005.09.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Laplacian energy of a graph","volume":"414","author":"Gutman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Linear Algebr. Appl."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2966112","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evolving functional network properties and synchronizability during human epileptic seizures","volume":"18","author":"Schindler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"jneabf97cbib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2011.05.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG-based functional networks in schizophrenia","volume":"41","author":"Jalili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2018.4489","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pulsed transcranial red\/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in veterans with chronic traumatic brain injury: a case series","volume":"37","author":"Hipskind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"jneabf97cbib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.5.1.011004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of heat on metabolic and hemodynamic changes in transcranial infrared laser stimulation measured by broadband near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T12:05:57Z","timestamp":1786190757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf97c","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Transcranial photobiomodulation changes topology, synchronizability, and complexity of resting state brain networks","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2021-01-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-04-19","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-05-10","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}