{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:34:53Z","timestamp":1780378493386,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A major reason for poor visual outcomes provided by existing retinal prostheses is the limited knowledge of the impact of photoreceptor loss on retinal remodelling and its subsequent impact on neural responses to electrical stimulation. Computational network models of the neural retina assist in the understanding of normal retinal function but can be also useful for investigating diseased retinal responses to electrical stimulation.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We developed and validated a biophysically detailed discrete neuronal network model of the retina in the software package NEURON. The model includes rod and cone photoreceptors, ON and OFF bipolar cell pathways, amacrine and horizontal cells and finally, ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells with detailed network connectivity and neural intrinsic properties. By accurately controlling the network parameters, we simulated the impact of varying levels of degeneration on retinal electrical function.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our model was able to reproduce characteristic monophasic and biphasic oscillatory patterns seen in ON and OFF neurons during retinal degeneration (RD). Oscillatory activity occurred at 3 Hz with partial photoreceptor loss and at 6 Hz when all photoreceptor input to the retina was removed. Oscillations were found to gradually weaken, then disappear when synapses and gap junctions were destroyed in the inner retina. Without requiring any changes to intrinsic cellular properties of individual inner retinal neurons, our results suggest that changes in connectivity alone were sufficient to give rise to neural oscillations during photoreceptor degeneration, and significant network connectivity destruction in the inner retina terminated the oscillations.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results provide a platform for further understanding physiological retinal changes with progressive photoreceptor and inner RD. Furthermore, our model can be used to guide future stimulation strategies for retinal prostheses to benefit patients at different stages of disease progression, particularly in the early and mid-stages of RD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T17:17:01Z","timestamp":1668187021000},"page":"065002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Simulating the impact of photoreceptor loss and inner retinal network changes on electrical activity of the retina"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-5974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keith","family":"Ly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-6771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianruo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuvanthi","family":"Muralidharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-4971","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohit N","family":"Shivdasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel H","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socrates","family":"Dokos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneaca221bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/2\/1\/010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How the retinal network reacts to epiretinal stimulation to form the prosthetic visual input to the cortex","volume":"2","author":"Cottaris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2014011732","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding the retina: a review of computational models of the retina from the single-cell to network level","volume":"42","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08726.2002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The influence of different retinal subcircuits on the nonlinearity of ganglion cell behaviour","volume":"22","author":"Hennig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00024-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inference of neuronal functional circuitry with spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"jneaca221bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2832055","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increasing electrical stimulation efficacy in degenerated retina: stimulus waveform design in a multiscale computational model","volume":"26","author":"Loizos","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6970","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006970","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A computational study on the role of gap junctions and rod Ih conductance in the enhancement of the dynamic range of the retina","volume":"4","author":"Publio","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneaca221bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800008440","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Simulation of an anatomically defined local circuit: the cone-horizontal cell network in cat retina","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14357-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Survey of electrically evoked responses in the retina\u2014stimulus preferences and oscillations among neurons","volume":"7","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneaca221bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2011.16.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Numerical simulation of neuronal spike patterns in a retinal network model","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-008-0108-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Virtual retina: a biological retina model and simulator, with contrast gain control","volume":"26","author":"Wohrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/2\/025005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical activity of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells: a modelling study","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004425","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spike-triggered covariance analysis reveals phenomenological diversity of contrast adaptation in the retina","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42682","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-amplitude electrical stimulation can reduce elicited neuronal activity in visual prosthesis","volume":"7","author":"Barriga-Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneaca221bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac72c2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improving the spatial resolution of artificial vision using midget retinal ganglion cell populations modeled at the human fovea","volume":"19","author":"Italiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aac315","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential electrical responses in retinal ganglion cell subtypes: effects of synaptic blockade and stimulating electrode location","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45623-8_13","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Insights from computational modelling: selective stimulation of retinal ganglion cells","author":"Guo","year":"2021"},{"key":"jneaca221bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00413","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mediating retinal ganglion cell spike rates using high-frequency electrical stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065720500069","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A three-dimensional microelectrode array to generate virtual electrodes for epiretinal prosthesis based on a modeling study","volume":"30","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"jneaca221bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abc3a9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Creation of virtual channels in the retina using synchronous and asynchronous stimulation-a modelling studies","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac5b18","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An in-silico analysis of electrically evoked responses of midget and parasol retinal ganglion cells in different retinal regions","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0065-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of different three-dimensional electrodes on epiretinal electrical stimulation by modeling analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"jneaca221bib22","article-title":"Computational models of neural retina","author":"Dokos","year":"2021","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.000613","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photoreceptor and bipolar-cell contributions to the cat electroretinogram: a kinetic model for the early part of the flash response","volume":"13","author":"Robson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"jneaca221bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p 13","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-12-03505.1986","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microcircuitry of the dark-adapted cat retina\u2014functional architecture of the rod cone network","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p 23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008840709467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How neural interactions form neural responses in the salamander retina","volume":"4","author":"Teeters","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380000941X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Simulation of the AII amacrine cell of mammalian retina\u2014functional consequences of electrical coupling and regenerative membrane-properties","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/12\/4491","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On the computation of a retina resistivity profile for applications in multi-scale modeling of electrical stimulation and absorption","volume":"61","author":"Lozios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00437.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intrinsic bursting of AII amacrine cells underlies oscillations in the rd1 mouse retina","volume":"112","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.889663","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlated activity in the degenerate retina inhibits focal response to electrical stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3003345","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinal degeneration reduces consistency of network-mediated responses arising in ganglion cells to electric stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.926096","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stage-dependent changes of visual function and electrical response of the retina in the rd10 mouse model","volume":"16","author":"Seongkwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/2\/025001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Changes in ganglion cell physiology during retinal degeneration influence excitability by prosthetic electrodes","volume":"13","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/14\/2\/026004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal voltage stimulation parameters for network-mediated responses in wild type and rd10 mouse retinal ganglion cells","volume":"14","author":"Jalligampala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03439-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical response of retinal ganglion cells in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal degeneration porcine model","volume":"11","author":"Cha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneaca221bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neural reprogramming in retinal degenerations","volume":"48","author":"Marc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00144.2007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emergence of sustained spontaneous hyperactivity and temporary preservation of off responses in ganglion cells of the retinal degeneration (rd1) mouse","volume":"99","author":"Stasheff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6526","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1533-08.2008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional stability of retinal ganglion cells after degeneration-induced changes in synaptic input","volume":"28","author":"Margolis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23307","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Early remodeling of Muller cells in the rd\/rd mouse model of retinal dystrophy","volume":"521","author":"Chua","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.225060","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intrinsic oscillatory activity arising within the electrically coupled AII amacrine-ON cone bipolar cell network is driven by voltage-gated Na+ channels","volume":"10","author":"Trenholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00277","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Origins of spontaneous activity in the degenerating retina","volume":"9","author":"Trenholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4238-10.2011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Network oscillations in rod-degenerated mouse retinas","volume":"31","author":"Menzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rhythmic ganglion cell activity in bleached and blind adult mouse retinas","volume":"9","author":"Menzler","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneaca221bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2011.12.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The mechanisms of repetitive spike generation in an axonless retinal interneuron","volume":"1","author":"Cembrowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"jneaca221bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Network oscillations drive correlated spiking of ON and OFF ganglion cells in the rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Margolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneaca221bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2021.1887902","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in neuroscience, not devices, will determine the effectiveness of visual prostheses","volume":"36","author":"Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib46","article-title":"Visual prostheses","author":"Guo","year":"2021","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.029","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An update on retinal prostheses","volume":"131","author":"Ayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00836-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision","author":"Cehajic-Kapetanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8936","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08936.1998","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The major cell populations of the mouse retina","volume":"18","author":"Jeon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A realistic model of rod photoreceptor for use in a retina network model","volume":"69","author":"Publio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"jneaca221bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00606.2003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reciprocal modulation of calcium dynamics at rod and cone photoreceptor synapses by nitric oxide","volume":"92","author":"Kourennyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(96)00267-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reconstruction of retinal horizontal cell responses by the ionic current model","volume":"36","author":"Usui","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00179-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ionic current model of bipolar cells in the lower vertebrate retina","volume":"36","author":"Usui","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.4.1935","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impulse encoding mechanisms of ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina","volume":"78","author":"Fohlmeister","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.6.1179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The NEURON simulation environment","volume":"9","author":"Hines","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"jneaca221bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.20041","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Connectivity map of bipolar cells and photoreceptors in the mouse retina","author":"Behrens","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"jneaca221bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00092","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Classification of mouse retinal bipolar cells: type-specific connectivity with special reference to rod-driven AII amacrine pathways","volume":"11","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"jneaca221bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The AII amacrine cell connectome: a dense network hub","volume":"8","author":"Marc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"jneaca221bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.170704","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Receptive fields and functional architecture in the retina","volume":"587","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib60","author":"Carnevale","year":"2006","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4984-08.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Receptive fields of retinal bipolar cells are mediated by heterogeneous synaptic circuitry","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523809990137","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Receptive field properties of ON- and OFF-ganglion cells in the mouse retina","volume":"26","author":"Wyk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05953.2003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"During fictive locomotion, graded synaptic currents drive bursts of impulses in swimmeret motor neurons","volume":"23","author":"Mulloney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4396","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synaptic organization of the vertebrate retina: general principles and species-specific variations","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.082859","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Physiological properties of rod photoreceptor electrical coupling in the tiger salamander retina","volume":"564","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10558.2002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical synapses mediate signal transmission in the rod pathway of the mammalian retina","volume":"22","author":"Veruki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.2.803","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A model of spindle rhythmicity in the isolated thalamic reticular nucleus","volume":"72","author":"Destexhe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib68","first-page":"p 301","type":"book","author":"Remington","year":"2012","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"jneaca221bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014263","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The properties of single cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina","volume":"328","author":"Attwell","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015372","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Location and function of voltage-sensitive conductances in retinal rods of the salamander, ambystoma tigrinum","volume":"354","author":"Baylor","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.03.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinal remodeling during retinal degeneration","volume":"81","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80940-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic processes shape spatiotemporal properties of retinal waves","volume":"19","author":"Feller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"jneaca221bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099075","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pharmacological analysis of intrinsic neuronal oscillations in rd10 retina","volume":"9","author":"Biswas","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneaca221bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22322","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Progression of neuronal and synaptic remodeling in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"518","author":"Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib75","article-title":"How the retina works","author":"Kolb","year":"2003","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01202.2011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dark-adapted response threshold of OFF ganglion cells is not set by OFF bipolar cells in the mouse retina","volume":"107","author":"Arman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51756-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response latency tuning by retinal circuits modulates signal efficiency","volume":"9","author":"Teng\u00f6lics","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneaca221bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5800-10.2011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An intrinsic neural oscillator in the degenerating mouse retina","volume":"31","author":"Borowska","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2011.15.6.415","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spontaneous oscillatory rhythm in retinal activities of two retinal degeneration (rd1 and rd10) mice","volume":"15","author":"Goo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib80","author":"Jones","year":"2018","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.03.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinal remodeling in human retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"150","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.2.292","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Site of action potential initiation in amphibian retinal ganglion cells","volume":"67","author":"Carras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/13873950412331318080","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A model for the electrically stimulated retina","volume":"10","author":"Resatz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Modelling Dyn."},{"key":"jneaca221bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2003.03006.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanisms of electrical stimulation with neural prostheses","volume":"6","author":"Rattay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"jneaca221bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.067","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of the sodium channel band on retinal ganglion cell excitation during electric stimulation\u2014a modeling study","volume":"266","author":"Werginz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"jneaca221bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01058.2011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Upper threshold of extracellular neural stimulation","volume":"108","author":"Boinagrov","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/10.759051","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A computational model of electrical stimulation of the retinal ganglion cell","volume":"46","author":"Greenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE. Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2006.870488","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sites of neuronal excitation by epiretinal electrical stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Schiefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053357","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Responses of retinal ganglion cells to extracellular electrical stimulation, from single cell to population: model-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneaca221bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/3\/035004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Activation of retinal ganglion cells following epiretinal electrical stimulation with hexagonally arranged bipolar electrodes","volume":"8","author":"Abramian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2005.847390","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A bidomain model of epiretinal stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Dokos","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/6\/066006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A continuum model of retinal electrical stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Joarder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/2\/025002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quasi-monopolar electrical stimulation of the retina: a computational modelling study","volume":"11","author":"Abramian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneaca221bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The neuronal organization of the retina","volume":"76","author":"Masland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"jneaca221bib95","article-title":"Neuroanatomy, retina","author":"Mahabadi","year":"2022","type":"book"},{"key":"jneaca221bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3390\/2Fmedicina57101096","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Critical flicker fusion frequency: a narrative review","volume":"57","author":"Mankowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"jneaca221bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-34","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The photocurrent response of human cones is fast and monophasic","volume":"7","author":"van Hateren","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2636","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The diverse functional roles and regulation of neuronal gap junctions in the retina","volume":"10","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7658","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12835","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional outcome in subretinal electronic implants depends on foveal eccentricity","volume":"54","author":"Stingl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.01.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The argus II retinal prosthesis: factors affecting patient selection for implantation","volume":"36","author":"Ahuja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00481-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Simulation of artificial vision: i. eccentric reading of isolated words, and perceptual learning","volume":"43","author":"Sommerhalder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"jneaca221bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.9.22","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Composition of the inner nuclear layer in human retina","volume":"62","author":"Masri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Topography of neurons in the rod pathway of human retina","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"jneaca221bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-620X.116640","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlation of visual functions with macular thickness in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"6","author":"Agrawal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oman J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80094-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multifocal electroretinography in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"125","author":"Seeliger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"jneaca221bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.34","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microperimetry in age: related macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Midena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"jneaca221bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100844","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina","volume":"78","author":"Grunert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T15:07:09Z","timestamp":1763824029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aca221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Simulating the impact of photoreceptor loss and inner retinal network changes on electrical activity of the retina","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-08-03","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-11-11","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-11-29","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}