{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T10:10:09Z","timestamp":1751451009513,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004672","name":"Accenture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016257","name":"University of California Davis School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> In this article, we present data and methods for decoding speech articulations using surface electromyogram (EMG) signals. EMG-based speech neuroprostheses offer a promising approach for restoring audible speech in individuals who have lost the ability to speak intelligibly due to laryngectomy, neuromuscular diseases, stroke, or trauma-induced damage (e.g. from radiotherapy) to the speech articulators. <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic> To achieve this, we collect EMG signals from the face, jaw, and neck as subjects articulate speech, and we perform EMG-to-speech translation. <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic> Our findings reveal that the manifold of symmetric positive definite matrices serves as a natural embedding space for EMG signals. Specifically, we provide an algebraic interpretation of the manifold-valued EMG data using linear transformations, and we analyze and quantify distribution shifts in EMG signals across individuals. <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic> Overall, our approach demonstrates significant potential for developing neural networks that are both data- and parameter-efficient\u2014an important consideration for EMG-based systems, which face challenges in large-scale data collection and operate under limited computational resources on embedded devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:49:43Z","timestamp":1750805383000},"page":"046001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geometry of orofacial neuromuscular signals: speech articulation decoding using surface electromyography"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0552-7737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harshavardhana T","family":"Gowda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9520-3272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zachary D","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5094-6724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lee M","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneade7afbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1137\/050637996","article-title":"Geometric means in a novel vector space structure on symmetric positive-definite matrices","volume":"29","author":"Arsigny","year":"2007","journal-title":"SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl."},{"key":"jneade7afbib2","first-page":"pp 12449","article-title":"wav2vec2.0: a framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations","volume":"vol 33","author":"Baevski","year":"2020"},{"key":"jneade7afbib3","first-page":"p 31","article-title":"Neural ordinary differential equations","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"jneade7afbib4","first-page":"pp 1","article-title":"Session-independent array-based emg-to-speech conversion using convolutional neural networks","author":"Diener","year":"2018"},{"year":"1960","author":"Fairbanks","key":"jneade7afbib5"},{"key":"jneade7afbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01070.2003","article-title":"The extraction of neural strategies from the surface emg","volume":"96","author":"Farina","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"jneade7afbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00162.2014","article-title":"The extraction of neural strategies from the surface emg: an update","volume":"117","author":"Farina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"jneade7afbib8","first-page":"pp 5521","article-title":"Digital voicing of silent speech","author":"Gaddy","year":"2020"},{"key":"jneade7afbib9","first-page":"pp 175","article-title":"An improved model for voicing silent speech","volume":"vol 2","author":"Gaddy","year":"2021"},{"key":"jneade7afbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/YM5JD","article-title":"EMG - Speech Decoding","author":"Gowda","year":"2025","journal-title":"OSF"},{"key":"jneade7afbib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad5107","article-title":"Topology of surface electromyogram signals: hand gesture decoding on riemannian manifolds","volume":"21","author":"Gowda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"article-title":"Non-invasive electromyographic speech neuroprosthesis: a geometric perspective","year":"2025","author":"Gowda","key":"jneade7afbib12"},{"key":"jneade7afbib13","first-page":"pp 518","article-title":"Joint CTC\/attention decoding for end-to-end speech recognition","volume":"vol 1","author":"Hori","year":"2017"},{"key":"jneade7afbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2021.3122291","article-title":"Hubert: self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units","volume":"29","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"jneade7afbib15","article-title":"A riemannian network for SPD matrix learning","volume":"vol 31","author":"Huang","year":"2017"},{"key":"jneade7afbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2017.2738568","article-title":"Emg-to-speech: direct generation of speech from facial electromyographic signals","volume":"25","author":"Janke","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"jneade7afbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3320125","article-title":"Deep efficient continuous manifold learning for time series modeling","volume":"46","author":"Jeong","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"jneade7afbib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2006-212","article-title":"Towards continuous speech recognition using surface electromyography","author":"Jou","year":"2006"},{"key":"jneade7afbib19","first-page":"pp 25","article-title":"Non-invasive silent speech recognition in multiple sclerosis with dysphonia","author":"Kapur","year":"2020"},{"key":"jneade7afbib20","first-page":"pp 68","article-title":"Partitioning Around Medoids (Program pam)","author":"Kaufman","year":"1990"},{"key":"jneade7afbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1221084","article-title":"Riemannian geometry of symmetric positive definite matrices via cholesky decomposition","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl."},{"key":"jneade7afbib22","first-page":"pp 17548","article-title":"Neural manifold ordinary differential equations","volume":"vol 33","author":"Lou","year":"2020"},{"key":"jneade7afbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aac965","article-title":"Development of semg sensors and algorithms for silent speech recognition","volume":"15","author":"Meltzner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneade7afbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/11-0158)","article-title":"Sherlock holmes and the strange case of the missing attribution: a historical note on the grandfather passage","volume":"55","author":"Reilly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"jneade7afbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2009.12.002","article-title":"Modeling coarticulation in emg-based continuous speech recognition","volume":"52","author":"Schultz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"jneade7afbib26","first-page":"652","article-title":"Synthesizing speech from electromyography using voice transformation techniques","author":"Toth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interspeech"},{"key":"jneade7afbib27","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T09:37:59Z","timestamp":1751449079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ade7af","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1741-2560"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-2552"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Geometry of orofacial neuromuscular signals: speech articulation decoding using surface electromyography","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-11-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}