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Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) presents significant challenges, with median survival rates remaining low despite standard-of-care therapies. A novel approach, cytostatic hypothermia (CH), is under development against GBM; it is a window of temperature (typically 20 \u00b0C\u201325 \u00b0C) which halts tumor growth\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This feasibility study expands upon the findings through the computational evaluation of a fully implantable system. Our simulations evaluate a thermoelectric cooler with a microwire array (NeuraTEC) and a novel ambient recirculating core (ARC) to achieve uniform cooling of a region in the brain without overheating local skin temperature.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Finite-element modeling was employed to simulate coupled bioheat transfer and laminar non-isothermal fluid flow dynamics.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results indicate that NeuraTEC can attain local tissue temperatures within a cytostatic range while minimizing thermal gradients. The use of multiple narrow, thermally conductive wires enhances cooling uniformity with minimal tissue displacement. The ARC provides a unique form of heat management that enables full implantability and hence portability. This work suggests it can facilitate the transfer of heat from a brain region to the skin. Future work will focus on device prototyping and validation through\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies in large animal models.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    These simulations suggest that the proposed intracranial cooling system could make CH a practicable approach against GBM. Furthermore, this approach to internal heat management may also open new avenues for treating neurological conditions through local and chronic hypothermia, extending beyond the short-duration (acute) cooling methods currently tested.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae199d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1761864600000},"page":"066005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Finite element analysis of a neural implant for cytostatic hypothermia and a novel heat management system"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-6809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Faaiz","family":"Enam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-6119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reed","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Chamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Bellamkonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneae199dbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad149","type":"journal-article","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2016\u20132020","volume":"25","author":"Ostrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"jneae199dbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0738-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improved survival time trends for glioblastoma using the SEER 17 population-based registries","volume":"107","author":"Koshy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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