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Endovascular stimulation of cardiopulmonary nerves via the right pulmonary artery has demonstrated clinical promise for treating acute decompensated heart failure. In respiratory disorders, transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation has proven effective for the management of central sleep apnea and ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, achieving Food and Drug Administration approval following several clinical trials. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, including risks associated with wired connections, thrombus formation from basket catheters, and other device-related adverse events. Future progress is expected through advances in device miniaturization and hemocompatibility, electrode design, and long-term clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae6bf2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:55:42Z","timestamp":1778540142000},"page":"031002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endovascular stimulation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiopulmonary disorders"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4111-3195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuting","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Moscato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research"},{"name":"Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-4893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Max","family":"Haberbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneae6bf2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/GCCIT63234.2024.10862378","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Stentrode: pioneering minimally invasive brain-computer interfaces\u2014a review","author":"Talluri","year":"2024"},{"key":"jneae6bf2bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01351-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bradycardia induced by intravascular versus direct stimulation of the vagus nerve","volume":"65","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. 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