{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:10:16Z","timestamp":1784106616108,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","award":["Center of Trustworthy AI for Life Sciences\u201d proj"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Center of Trustworthy AI for Life Sciences\u201d proj"]}]},{"name":"Mazovian Regional Financing Unit","award":["RPMA.01.02.00-14-b459\/18-00. EEGDigiTrack Biofeedb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPMA.01.02.00-14-b459\/18-00. EEGDigiTrack Biofeedb"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Interventions supporting medical care and enhancing quality of life in neurodegenerative or age-related cognitive decline are strongly needed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback can enable users to modulate their brain activity through real-time feedback. However, evidence for its clinical effectiveness remains inconclusive, partly due to limited personalization and insufficient task relevance of existing protocols. We tested whether personalized EEG neurofeedback supervised by deep neural networks (DNNs) can enhance cognitive performance in older adults (Gen X).\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fifty-seven healthy adults aged 41\u201364 (31 women), including a sham-feedback control group, completed a personalized neurofeedback protocol with DNNs fine-tuned to individual EEG patterns. The procedure included pre- and post-training assessments using a transitive reasoning task, three diagnostic sessions to adapt the DNN to each participant, and 10-11 neurofeedback sessions based on a gamified delayed-match-to-sample paradigm.\n                    <jats:italic>Main Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The training group showed robust gains across all three variants of the reasoning task (each\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01), whereas the sham group improved only on the easiest variant. Groups did not differ at pretest; however, at posttest the training group outperformed the sham group on all task conditions (each\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .03), showing also a larger neural effort (lower alpha band power) and increased beta and gamma band connectivity (higher phase lag index).\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Personalized, task-oriented neurofeedback guided by individually fine-tuned DNNs can produce cognitive enhancement after relatively few sessions. The proposed task-pretrained, subject-finetuned neurofeedback (TPSF-NF) framework is scalable to other cognitive domains in future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:51:47Z","timestamp":1783032707000},"page":"046021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive and brain function enhancement in Gen X group after personalized, AI supervised EEG-neurofeedback training"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-920X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacek","family":"Rogala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8358-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Malinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ociepka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4535-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Zych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elmiko Biosignals sp. z o.o"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Tryc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elmiko Biosignals sp. z o.o"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8384-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ko\u0142odziejak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elmiko Biosignals sp. z o.o"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ogniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elmiko Biosignals sp. z o.o"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4483-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Niedbalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elmiko Biosignals sp. z o.o"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4997-2932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Skorupski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warsaw"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-6748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adam","family":"Chuderski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneae8577bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"16","author":"Feigin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"jneae8577bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/R01","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain\u2013computer interfaces","volume":"4","author":"Lotte","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneae8577bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aab2f2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of classif.ication algorithms for EEG-based brain\u2013computer interfaces: a 10 year update","volume":"15","author":"Lotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneae8577bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2019.00087","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intra- and inter-subject variability in EEG-based sensorimotor brain computer interface: a review","volume":"13","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105455","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The efficacy of electroencephalography neurofeedback for enhancing episodic memory in healthy and clinical participants: a systematic qualitative review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"jneae8577bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1195066","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical applications of neurofeedback based on sensorimotor rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116826","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gamma oscillations weaken with age in healthy elderly in human EEG","volume":"215","author":"Murty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20175","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sources of cortical rhythms in adults during physiological aging: a multicentric EEG study","volume":"27","author":"Babiloni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"jneae8577bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1134\/S0362119716050133","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Features of temporal dynamics of oscillatory brain activity during creative problem solving in young and elderly adults","volume":"42","author":"Privodnova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Physiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(93)90025-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The pattern of age-related differences in electrophysiological activity of healthy males and females","volume":"14","author":"Duffy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging."},{"key":"jneae8577bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Age-related differences of neural connectivity during mental rotation","volume":"101","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human brain networks in physiological aging: a graph theoretical analysis of cortical connectivity from EEG data","volume":"41","author":"Vecchio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"jneae8577bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.01.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Default mode network and neural phase synchronization in healthy aging: a resting state EEG study","volume":"485","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"jneae8577bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.7.4.571","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Short-term longitudinal change in cognitive performance in later life","volume":"7","author":"Hultsch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging."},{"key":"jneae8577bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.17.2.299","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging."},{"key":"jneae8577bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.04.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Memory aging and brain maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Nyberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.03.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mining event-related brain dynamics","volume":"8","author":"Makeig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.06.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nonlinear dynamical analysis of EEG and MEG: review of an emerging field","volume":"116 (10)","author":"Stam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2011.06.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Review of advanced techniques for the estimation of brain connectivity measured with EEG\/MEG","volume":"41","author":"Sakkalis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"jneae8577bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.046","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mind over chatter: plastic up-regulation of the fMRI salience network directly after EEG neurofeedback","volume":"65","author":"Ros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/2\/025005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Towards passive brain\u2013computer interfaces: applying brain\u2013computer interface technology to human\u2013machine systems in general","volume":"8","author":"Zander","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneae8577bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S251547","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Treatment efficacy and clinical effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback as apersonalized and multimodal treatment in ADHD: a critical review","volume":"17","author":"Garcia Pimenta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"jneae8577bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23730","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for EEG decoding andvisualization","volume":"38","author":"Schirrmeister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"jneae8577bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac8b38","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Decoding working memory-related information from repeated psychophysiological EEG experiments using convolutional and contrastive neural networks","volume":"19","author":"\u017bygierewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"jneae8577bib25","first-page":"4171","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","volume":"1","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"key":"jneae8577bib26","article-title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models","author":"Bommasani","year":"2021","type":"preprint"},{"key":"jneae8577bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00894","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What learning theories can teach us in designing neurofeedback treatments","volume":"8","author":"Strehl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/18581","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A spelling device for the paralysed","volume":"398","author":"Birbaumer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"jneae8577bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2196\/games.5888","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gamification of cognitive assessment and cognitive training: a systematicreview of applications and efficacy","volume":"4","author":"Lumsden","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"jneae8577bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.08.078","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurofeedback training of the upper alpha frequency band in EEG improves cognitive performance","volume":"54","author":"Zoefel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2014.07.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of mental workload and fatigue on the P300, alpha and theta band power during operation of an ERP (P300) brain\u2013computer interface","volume":"102","author":"K\u00e4thner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1122533","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Foundations of game-based learning","volume":"50","author":"Plass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12486","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults","volume":"501","author":"Anguera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"jneae8577bib34","article-title":"A short review and primer on electroencephalography in human computer interaction applications","author":"Ahonen","year":"2016","type":"preprint"},{"key":"jneae8577bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","type":"journal-article","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"jneae8577bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96726-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurofeedback training improves episodic and semantic long-term memory performance","volume":"11","author":"Tseng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"jneae8577bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-023-01125-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Theta EEG neurofeedback promotes early consolidation of real life-like episodic memory","volume":"23","author":"Rozengurt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-024-00242-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Alpha neurofeedback training improves visual working memory in healthy individuals","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj. Sci. Learn."},{"key":"jneae8577bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2023.107834","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Successful alpha neurofeedback training enhances working memory updating and event-related potential activity","volume":"205","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"jneae8577bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1457371","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Performance of game sessions in VR vs standard 2D monitor environment. anEEG study","volume":"15","author":"Malinowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib41","first-page":"448","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"Ioffe","year":"2015"},{"key":"jneae8577bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90119-G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of component processes in human working memory","volume":"87","author":"Gevins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771400054X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Merging clinical neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging to evaluate the construct validity and neural network engagement of the n-back task","volume":"20","author":"Kearney-ramos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"jneae8577bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2017.11.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Delta-gamma coupling as a potential neurophysiological mechanism of fluid intelligence","volume":"66","author":"G\u0105gol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"jneae8577bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods."},{"key":"jneae8577bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ICLabel: an automated electroencephalographic independent component classifier, dataset, and website","volume":"198","author":"Pion-tonachini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1967.1161901","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms","volume":"15","author":"Welch","year":"1967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust."},{"key":"jneae8577bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2023.101780","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Take your time: slow brain rhythms predict fluid intelligence","volume":"100","author":"Ociepka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"jneae8577bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832d93dd","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human brain networks in health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Bassett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)71822-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Brain connectivity toolbox: a collection of complex network measurements and brain connectivity datasets","volume":"47","author":"Rubinov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"jneae8577bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20346","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phase lag index: assessment of functional connectivity from multi channelEEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources","volume":"28","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"jneae8577bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108648","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reproducibility of functional connectivity and graph measures based on thephase lag index (PLI) and weighted phase lag index (wPLI) derived fromhigh resolution EEG","volume":"9","author":"Hardmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"jneae8577bib54","author":"Van Rossum","year":"2009","type":"book"},{"key":"jneae8577bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00267","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-python","volume":"7","author":"Gramfort","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"jneae8577bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bayes Factors","volume":"90","author":"Kass","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"jneae8577bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009295055","type":"book","author":"Haier","year":"2023","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"jneae8577bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2010.00198","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The berlin brain\u2013computer interface: non-medical uses of BCI technology","volume":"4","author":"Blankertz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059414522229","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of EEG-based motor imagery brain-computerinterface robotic rehabilitation for stroke","volume":"46","author":"Ang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.11.025","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Brain\u2013machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke","volume":"83","author":"Soekadar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"jneae8577bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00051","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG-neurofeedback as a tool to modulate cognition and behavior: a review tutorial","volume":"11","author":"Enriquez-Geppert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.04.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intelligence and neural efficiency","volume":"33","author":"Neubauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"jneae8577bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.09.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oscillatory Dynamics of Prefrontal Cognitive Control","volume":"20","author":"Helfrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib64","type":"book","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"vol 30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"jneae8577bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7878473","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Storage of 7 \u00b1 2short-term memories in oscillatory subcycles","volume":"267","author":"Lisman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"jneae8577bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003805","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Serial representation of items during working memory maintenance atletter-selective cortical sites","volume":"16","author":"Bahramisharif","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"jneae8577bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.081","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rhythmic working memory activation in the human hippocampus","volume":"13","author":"Leszczy\u0144ski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"jneae8577bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phase precession in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex","volume":"184","author":"Qasim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"jneae8577bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.1.104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory","volume":"114","author":"Unsworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"jneae8577bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-024-09662-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Individualized EEG-based neurofeedback targeting auditory steady-state responses: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"50(4)","author":"Mockevi\u010dius","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback."},{"key":"jneae8577bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02183-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of neurofeedback therapy for treatment of central neuropathic pain in paraplegic patients using deep learning","volume":"4","author":"Saif","year":"2023","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-04035-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of neurofeedback applied for treatment of central neuropathic pain using machine learning","volume":"3","author":"Saif","year":"2021","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"jneae8577bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2024.112406","type":"journal-article","article-title":"EEG subject-dependent neurofeedback training selectively impairs declarative memories consolidation process","volume":"203","author":"Campos-arteaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib74","article-title":"The game experience questionnaire","author":"IJsselsteijn","year":"2013","type":"other"},{"key":"jneae8577bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions","volume":"25","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"jneae8577bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026268","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of interactive physical-activity video-game training on physical and cognitive function in older adults","volume":"27","author":"Maillot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging."},{"key":"jneae8577bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0917-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Defining cognitive reserve and implications for cognitive aging","volume":"19","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"jneae8577bib78","type":"dataset","article-title":"Task-Pretrained, Subject-Finetuned Neurofeedback (TPSF-NF) framework","author":"Rogala","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rogala Jacek 2026 Task-Pretrained, Subject-Finetuned Neurofeedback (TPSF-NF) framework figshare.com https:\/\/figshare.com\/s\/26dfcf8b3f65b7081a6e"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:51:50Z","timestamp":1784105510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae8577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-2560","1741-2552"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-2560","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2552","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cognitive and brain function enhancement in Gen X group after personalized, AI supervised EEG-neurofeedback training","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neural Engineering","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-01-19","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-15","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}