{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:12:45Z","timestamp":1789456365501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020899","name":"Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neural Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We aim to determine whether commonly-used current source density (CSD) estimation techniques provide valid results when used with recordings from the latest generation of high-density arrays and how the density affects signal interpretation.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We first develop an analytic formulation for the contributions of Gaussian current sources to an estimated CSD as a function of current source position and array density. We then simulate local field potential recordings in a biophysically detailed model of a subvolume of rat somatosensory cortex, and compare estimated current source densities to the ground truth current densities averaged over relevant tissue volumes.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Commonly used methods to estimate the CSD can produce spurious results when the inter-electrode spacing is small relative to the width of the current source, confusing sources and sinks. For high-density recording electrodes, the estimated CSD diverges from the volume-averaged ground-truth current distribution that the CSD estimation method attempts to reconstruct. Both confusion of sinks and sources and amplification of local current fluctuations play a role in this divergence. Careful choice of CSD reconstruction parameters can be used to preferentially reveal the information content on a local or higher-level scale.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results shed light on high-spatial-frequency oscillations observed in estimated current source densities from\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments. Care must be taken when choosing a reconstruction method and interpreting the results from high density arrays, but proper parameter tuning allows to focus on specific information-of-interest. In addition, it was found that detailed network models, including active conductances and background noise, can be necessary to accurately simulate high-frequency current fluctuations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ae93f9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:41:37Z","timestamp":1789454497000},"page":"054001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Information content and interpretation of CSD non-trivially depends on array density"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2390-4104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Tharayil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech"},{"name":"IT\u2019IS Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5528-6147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esra","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2019IS Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech"},{"name":"Open Brain Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"jneae93f9bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1233","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles","volume":"7","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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