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Biomim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>I present the system PATMOS (paths and tessellated meshes from ORB_SLAM2) for measuring three-dimensional paths of animals <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> using two handheld GoPro cameras and a small spatial reference object. Animal paths were triangulated from mobile camera positions obtained from a modified version of ORB_SLAM2, an open-source visual simultaneous localization and mapping software package. In addition to path calculation, this process provided a virtual three-dimensional surface approximation to the environment from which path to environment distances can be quantified. PATMOS can also fit a tranquil water\u2019s surface to an analytic plane if there are a sufficient number of visible objects intersecting the water\u2019s surface and can track objects over the water\u2019s surfaces with a single camera by measuring the object with its reflection. This technology was highly portable, could follow moving animals, and gave comparable spatial and temporal resolutions to fixed camera systems that use commercial cameras. An investigation of falling objects yielded a gravitational constant measurement of 978 \u00b1 40\u00a0cm\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>. I demonstrated PATMOS\u2019s utility in terrestrial and aquatic environments by quantifying dragonfly flight characteristics and the inter-spatial distances between substrate and damselfish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/abe346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T13:39:30Z","timestamp":1612532370000},"page":"026022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three-dimensional measurements of animal paths using handheld unconstrained GoPro cameras and VSLAM software"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parrish C","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bbabe346bib1","author":"Howard","year":"1995"},{"key":"bbabe346bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/3\/3\/034001","article-title":"Software techniques for two- and three-dimensional kinematic measurements of biological and biomimetic systems","volume":"3","author":"Hedrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinspiration Biomimetics"},{"key":"bbabe346bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0150","article-title":"Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes","volume":"9","author":"Butail","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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