{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:57:41Z","timestamp":1783551461014,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N00014-20-1-2170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-20-1-2170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Massachusetts Space Grant Consortium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioinspir. Biomim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Harbor seals possess a remarkable ability to detect hydrodynamic footprints left by moving objects, even long after the objects have passed, through interactions between wake flows and their uniquely shaped whiskers. While the flow-induced vibration of harbor seal whisker models has been extensively studied, their response to unsteady wakes generated by upstream moving bodies remains poorly understood. This study investigates the wake-induced vibration (WIV) of a flexibly mounted harbor seal-inspired whisker positioned downstream of a forced-oscillating circular cylinder, simulating the hydrodynamic footprint of a moving object. Unlike conventional WIV studies, where the upstream wake is passively formed behind a stationary body and governed solely by its geometry and flow speed, the upstream cylinder in this work undergoes prescribed oscillations. This approach enables independent control over the wake characteristics\u2014such as wake width and shedding frequency\u2014decoupling them from the physical attributes of the upstream source and allowing a more direct assessment of the whisker\u2019s sensing response to dynamic wake conditions. Experiments were conducted across a range of reduced velocities (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:msup>\n                              <mml:mi>U<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mo>\u2217<\/mml:mo>\n                           <\/mml:msup>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> = 3.4\u201325) and Reynolds numbers (<jats:italic>Re<\/jats:italic> = 500\u20132700), with upstream oscillation frequencies varied from 0.5 to 2 times the natural frequency of the whisker. Volumetric particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was used to characterize the flow field, complemented by <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>-criterion and proper orthogonal decomposition analyses. Results show that while the whisker suppresses its own vortex-induced vibration in open flow, it oscillates strongly at the frequency of the upstream forcing when exposed to wake disturbances, demonstrating its capability to detect and respond to hydrodynamic trails of moving objects. These findings highlight the potential of harbor seal whisker-inspired designs for biomimetic underwater sensing and navigation systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/ae0546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:54:18Z","timestamp":1757458458000},"page":"056009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Passive wake differentiation by seal vibrissae in response to independently oscillating upstream objects"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dulac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Samandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4260-7084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Seyed-Aghazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bbae0546bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060514","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrodynamic trail-following in harbor seals (phoca vitulina)","volume":"293","author":"Dehnhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bbae0546bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.7.1193","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ageing of the low-frequency water disturbances caused by swimming goldfish and its possible relevance to prey detection","volume":"203","author":"Hanke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-04-25","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-09-09","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-09-19","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}