{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1784988255554,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2014\/15\/N\/ST8\/03757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/N\/ST8\/03757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electrospinning of chitosan blends is a reasonable idea to prepare fibre mats for biomedical applications. Synthetic and natural components provide, for example, appropriate mechanical strength and biocompatibility, respectively. However, solvent characteristics and the polyelectrolyte nature of chitosan influence the spinnability of these blends. In order to compare the effect of solvent on polycaprolactone\/chitosan fibres, two types of the most commonly used solvent systems were chosen, namely 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and acetic acid (AA)\/formic acid (FA). Results obtained by various experimental methods clearly indicated the effect of the solvent system on the structure and properties of electrospun polycaprolactone\/chitosan fibres. Viscosity measurements confirmed different polymer\u2013solvent interactions. Various molecular interactions resulting in different macromolecular conformations of chitosan influenced its spinnability and properties. HFIP enabled fibres to be obtained whose average diameter was less than 250 nm while maintaining the brittle and hydrophilic character of the nonwoven, typical for the chitosan component. Spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of chitosan salts in the case of the AA\/FA solvent system. Chitosan salts visibly influenced the structure and properties of the prepared fibre mats. The use of AA\/FA caused a reduction of Young\u2019s modulus and wettability of the proposed blends. It was confirmed that wettability, mechanical properties and the antibacterial effect of polycaprolactone\/chitosan fibres may be tailored by selecting an appropriate solvent system. The MTT cell proliferation assay revealed an increase of cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts in the case of 25% w\/w of chitosan in electrospun nonwovens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/aa5647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T07:21:38Z","timestamp":1486106498000},"page":"015020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structure and properties of polycaprolactone\/chitosan nonwovens tailored by solvent systems"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Urbanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Sajkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Pierini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Czerkies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Ko\u0142buk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmaa5647bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-3538(03)00178-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on polymer nanofibres by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites","volume":"63","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering","volume":"49","author":"Croisier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(92)90353-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and some other natural polymers","volume":"78","author":"Lehr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1021\/bm050935d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Blending chitosan with polycaprolactone: effects on physicochemical and antibacterial properties","volume":"7","author":"Sarasam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review","volume":"144","author":"Kong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.07.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a chitosan-based wound dressing with improved hemostatic and antimicrobial properties","volume":"29","author":"Ong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(03)00083-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of N-alkylated disaccharide chitosan derivatives","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-006-1485-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospinning of chitosan nanofibrous structures: feasibility study","volume":"42","author":"De Vrieze","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/13\/1\/015003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transient charge-masking effect of applied voltage on electrospinning of pure chitosan nanofibres from aqueous solutions","volume":"13","author":"Terada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.01.066","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospinning of chitosan dissolved in concentrated acetic acid solution","volume":"26","author":"Geng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.02.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospinning of chitosan nanofibres: processing optimization","volume":"77","author":"Homayoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.02.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication and cellular compatibility of aligned chitosan-PCL fibres for nerve tissue regeneration","volume":"85","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.793","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biodegradable blends of poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) with chitin and chitosan: specific interactions, thermal properties and crystallization behavior","volume":"51","author":"Senda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.03.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chitosan: a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering","volume":"26","author":"Di Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of chitosan\/poly (caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold for bone and skin tissue engineering","volume":"48","author":"Shalumon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.09.073","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chitosan\/poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) blend scaffolds for cartilage repair","volume":"32","author":"Neves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.01.071","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of chitosan-polycaprolactone blends for tissue engineering applications","volume":"26","author":"Sarasam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.09.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fabrication of electrospun polycaprolactone biocomposites reinforced with chitosan for the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"83","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.07.028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Solvent-dependent properties of electrospun fibrous composites for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Patlolla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2004.08.048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan nanofibres: electrospinning of chitin and deacetylation of chitin nanofibres","volume":"45","author":"Min","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.01.085","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Polycaprolactone\/chitosan blend nanofibres electrospun from an acetic acid\/formic acid solvent system","volume":"88","author":"Van der Schueren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.03.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospun chitosan-based nanofibres and their cellular compatibility","volume":"26","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200400253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrospinning of chitosan","volume":"25","author":"Ohkawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1992.070451020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dissolving states of cellulose and chitosan in trifluoroacetic acid","volume":"45","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/app.27063","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Materials selection and residual solvent retention in biodegradable electrospun fibres","volume":"107","author":"Nam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1021\/es051619+","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Significant residual fluorinated alcohols present in various fluorinated materials","volume":"40","author":"Dinglasan-Panlilio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.200700066","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of active antimicrobial fibre based chitosan polysaccharide nanostructures using electrospinning","volume":"8","author":"Torres Giner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1599","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of solvents on electrospun polymeric fibres: preliminary study on polystyrene, supaphol","volume":"53","author":"Wannatong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1021\/bm201444v","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Core\u2013shell structured PEO-chitosan nanofibres by coaxial electrospinning","volume":"13","author":"Pakravan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-013-3259-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Kinetics of thermal degradation applied to biocomposites with TPS, PCL and sisal fibres by non-isothermal procedures","volume":"115","author":"Carmona","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/753692","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tetrazolium\/formazan test as an efficient method to determine fungal chitosan antimicrobial activity","volume":"2013","author":"Moussa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mycol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1021\/ma035689h","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlations of solution rheology with electrospun fibre formation of linear and branched polyesters","volume":"37","author":"McKee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1380","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thermal properties and crystallization behaviour of blends of poly (caprolactone) with chitin and chitosan","volume":"52","author":"Honma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1997.021980220","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rheological characteristics of semi-dilute chitosan solutions","volume":"198","author":"Mucha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.61.1230","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conformational behavior of chitosan in the acetate salt: an x-ray study","volume":"61","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(00)00067-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Glass transition temperature of chitosan and miscibility of chitosan\/poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) blends","volume":"41","author":"Sakurai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2007.02.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Synthesis and mechanical properties of quaternary salts of chitosan-based films for food application","volume":"41","author":"De Britto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2014.11.051","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interplay of molecular and specimen length scales in the large deformation mechanical behavior of polystyrene nanofibres","volume":"56","author":"Kolluru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4033439","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Local mechanical properties of electrospun fibres correlate to their internal nanostructure","volume":"13","author":"Camposeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5635","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/17\/37\/002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Computer simulations of a polyelectrolyte chain with a mixture of multivalent salts","volume":"17","author":"K\u0142os","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"key":"bmmaa5647bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2008.03.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Theory and simulations of charged polymers: from solution properties to polymeric nanomaterials","volume":"13","author":"Dobrynin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T13:47:05Z","timestamp":1784987225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605x\/aa5647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6041","1748-605X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6041","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-605X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Structure and properties of polycaprolactone\/chitosan nonwovens tailored by solvent systems","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Materials","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2016-10-07","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-01-03","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-02-03","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}