{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T21:57:17Z","timestamp":1774821437902,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["K99HL134823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99HL134823"]}]},{"name":"HH Sheikh Hamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Program in Biological Valve Engineering at Mayo Clinic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pore size is generally small in nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning polymeric solutions. Increase of scaffold thickness leads to decrease in pore size, causing impediment to cell infiltration into the scaffolds during tissue engineering. In contrast, comparatively larger pore size can be realized in microfibrous scaffolds prepared from polymeric solutions at higher concentrations. Further, microfibrous scaffolds are conducive to infiltration of reparative M2 phenotype macrophages during\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    tissue engineering. However, rise of mechanical properties of a fibrous scaffold with the increase of polymer concentration may limit the functionality of a scaffold-based, tissue-engineered heart valve. In this study, we developed microfibrous scaffolds from 14%, 16% and 18% (wt\/v) polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer solutions prepared with chloroform solvent. Porcine valvular interstitial cells were cultured in the scaffolds for 14 d to investigate the effect of microfibers prepared with different PCL concentrations on the seeded cells. Further, fresh microfibrous scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in a rat model for two months to investigate the effect of microfibers on infiltrated cells. Cell proliferation, and its morphologies, gene expression and deposition of different extracellular matrix proteins in the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    study were characterized. During the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    study, we characterized cell infiltration, and myofibroblast and M1\/M2 phenotypes expression of the infiltrated cells. Among different PCL concentrations, microfibrous scaffolds from 14% solution were suitable for heart valve tissue engineering for their sufficient pore size and low but adequate tensile properties, which promoted cell adhesion to and proliferation in the scaffolds, and effective gene expression and extracellular matrix deposition by the cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . They also encouraged the cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    for their infiltration and effective gene expression, including M2 phenotype expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ab3d24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T10:26:48Z","timestamp":1570530408000},"page":"065014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Optimization of polycaprolactone fibrous scaffold for heart valve tissue engineering"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumen","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Bhagia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmab3d24bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20825g","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tenogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells via a combinatory effect of aligned chitosan\u2013poly-caprolactone nanofibers and TGF-\u03b23","volume":"1","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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