{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:24:08Z","timestamp":1791235448551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005412","name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCU.SB1402.12464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU.SB1402.12464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite recent technological advancements, effective healing from sciatic nerve damage remains inadequate. Cell-based therapies offer a promising alternative to autograft restoration for peripheral nerve injuries, and 3D printing techniques can be used to manufacture conduits with controlled diameter and size. In this study, we investigated the potential of Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) differentiated into schwann cells, using a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) conduit filled with fibrin hydrogel and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. We investigated the potential of WJMSCs, extracted from the umbilical cord, to differentiate into schwann cells and promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. WJMSCs were 3D cultured and differentiated into schwann cells within fibrin gel for two weeks. A 3 mm defect was created in the sciatic nerve of the rat model, which was then regenerated using a conduit\/fibrin, conduit covered with schwann cells in fibrin\/GQDs, GQDs in fibrin, and a control group without any treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6\/group). At 10 weeks after transplantation, motor and sensory functions and histological improvement were assessed. The WJMSCs were extracted, identified, and differentiated. The differentiated cells expressed typical schwann cell markers, S100 and P75. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> investigations established the durability and efficacy of the conduit to resist the pressures over two months of implantation. Histological measurements showed conduit efficiency, schwann cell infiltration, and association within the fibrin gel and lumen. Rats treated with the composite hydrogel-filled PAN conduit with GQDs showed significantly higher sensorial recovery than the other groups. Histological results showed that this group had significantly more axon numbers and remyelination than others. Our findings suggest that the conduit\/schwann approach has the potential to improve nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve injuries, with future therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad1576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T22:41:51Z","timestamp":1702507311000},"page":"015012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Enhancement of nerve regeneration through schwann cell-mediated healing in a 3D printed polyacrylonitrile conduit incorporating hydrogel and graphene quantum dots: a study on rat sciatic nerve injury model"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-5682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elham","family":"Hoveizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmad1576bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318800707","article-title":"Toxicologic pathology of the peripheral nervous system (PNS): overview, challenges, and current practices","volume":"46","author":"Pardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.05.006","article-title":"Engineering peripheral nerve repair","volume":"24","author":"Marquardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.01.041","article-title":"Enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration with fibrin scaffold containing human endometrial stem cells and insulin encapsulated chitosan particles: an in vivo study","volume":"54","author":"Mobarakeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39141-2","article-title":"Schwann cell-encapsulated chitosan-collagen hydrogel nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rodent sciatic nerve defect models","volume":"13","author":"Takeya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10050963","article-title":"Novel tissue-engineered multimodular hyaluronic acid-polylactic acid conduits for the regeneration of sciatic nerve defect","volume":"10","author":"Roca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171448","article-title":"The efficacy of a scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit developed from human fibroblasts on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model","volume":"12","author":"Yurie","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10196","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27689","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells derived beta cell precursors on a nanofibrous scaffold: an approach to treat diabetes mellitus","volume":"234","author":"Hoveizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31306","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells enhance nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve repair and hindlimb transplant model","volume":"6","author":"Cooney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.12.030","article-title":"FDA approved guidance conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve injury: a review of materials and efficacy","volume":"43","author":"Kehoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35117","article-title":"Thermogel nanofiber induces human endometrial-derived stromal cells to neural differentiation: in vitro in vivo studies in rat","volume":"102","author":"Tavakol","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2011.0240","article-title":"Biomaterials for the development of peripheral nerve guidance conduits","volume":"18","author":"Nectow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. B"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05647-x","article-title":"Axonal G3BP1 stress granule protein limits axonal mRNA translation and nerve regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Sahoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aaaf50","article-title":"3D printing strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Petcu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700635","article-title":"Strategic design and fabrication of nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Sarker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.03.031","article-title":"Polyacrylonitrile\/Fe (III) metal-organic framework fibrous nanocomposites designed for tissue engineering applications","volume":"229","author":"Ramezani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03301-x","article-title":"Advances and clinical challenges for translating nerve conduit technology from bench to bed side for peripheral nerve repair","volume":"383","author":"Meena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202211709","article-title":"Nanobiology dependent therapeutic convergence between biocompatibility and bioeffectiveness of graphene oxide quantum dot scaffold for immuno\u2010inductive angiogenesis and nerve regeneration","volume":"33","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-019-00331-w","article-title":"Use of embryonic fibroblasts associated with graphene quantum dots for burn wound healing in Wistar rats","volume":"55","author":"Haghshenas","year":"2019","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. -Animal"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2022.7622","article-title":"Differentiation of human wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cells into SOX17 expressing cells using a wnt\/ss-catenin pathway agonist on polylactic acid\/chitosan nanocomposite scaffold","volume":"24","author":"Hoveizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.266068","article-title":"Animal models used to study direct peripheral nerve repair: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Vela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.300449","article-title":"Decellularized peripheral nerve grafts by a modified protocol for repair of rat sciatic nerve injury","volume":"16","author":"Zaminy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b02185","article-title":"Charge transfer complexes as pan-scaled photoinitiating systems: from 50 \u03bcm 3D printed polymers at 405 nm to extremely deep photopolymerization (31 cm)","volume":"51","author":"Garra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/138686","article-title":"Polymers for fabricating nerve conduits","volume":"2010","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.582646","article-title":"Polymeric guide conduits for peripheral nerve tissue engineering","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1391823","article-title":"Enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration by human endometrial stem cells in an electrospun poly (epsilon-caprolactone)\/collagen\/NBG nerve conduit in rat","volume":"46","author":"Mohamadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.18805\/IJAR.B-4365","article-title":"Evaluation of culture morphology of neuronally transdifferentiated wharton\u2019s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"57","author":"Sreekumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Animal Res."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225330","article-title":"Autologous materials in regenerative dentistry: harvested bone, platelet concentrates and dentin derivates","volume":"25","author":"Bernardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.09.037","article-title":"Biomimetic and hierarchical nerve conduits from multifunctional nanofibers for guided peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20200697","article-title":"Recovery of motor function in rats with complete spinal cord injury following implantation of collagen\/silk fibroin scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"67","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110564","article-title":"Enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration by poly-L-lactic acid\/multi-wall carbon nanotube neural guidance conduit containing Schwann cells and curcumin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in rat","volume":"109","author":"Jahromi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.12.010","article-title":"A compound scaffold with uniform longitudinally oriented guidance cues and a porous sheath promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21652-y","article-title":"Tubulation repair mitigates misdirection of regenerating motor axons across a sciatic nerve gap in rats","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12269","article-title":"PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel with NEP1-40 promotes the functional recovery of brachial plexus root avulsion in adult rats","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12081637","article-title":"3D printing and bioprinting nerve conduits for neural tissue engineering","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X16999210128193910","article-title":"Challenges of stem-cell-based craniofacial regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. stem cell Res. Ther"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2023.2215376","article-title":"Application of stem cells, growth factors, small molecules, and biological macromolecules on nerve regeneration: a review and future direction","volume":"2023","author":"Nemati Mahand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.12.021","article-title":"Promoting neural transdifferentiation of BMSCs via applying synergetic multiple factors for nerve regeneration","volume":"375","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01065","article-title":"Tracing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in rat peripheral nerve regenerated with conductive conduits composed of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) and fluorescent CNTs","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010073","article-title":"Graphene-based materials prove to be a promising candidate for nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury","volume":"10","author":"Aleemardani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"bmmad1576bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02650-w","article-title":"Constructing a cell microenvironment with biomaterial scaffolds for stem cell therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"bmmad1576bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14626","article-title":"VEGFA-modified DPSCs combined with LC-YE-PLGA NGCs promote facial nerve injury repair in rats","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T15:13:31Z","timestamp":1749914011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad1576","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6041","1748-605X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6041","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-605X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Enhancement of nerve regeneration through schwann cell-mediated healing in a 3D printed polyacrylonitrile conduit incorporating hydrogel and graphene quantum dots: a study on rat sciatic nerve injury model","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Materials","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-09-09","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-13","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-21","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}