{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:08:31Z","timestamp":1777493311715,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Magnesium ions, MgO nanoparticles and thin films, magnesium alloys and cerium compounds are materials intensively studied due to their corrosion protection, antibacterial and pharmacological properties. In this work, we have designed, prepared and investigated, novel thin films of MgO doped with cerium, deposited on Mg alloy (AZ31) for temporary implants, in order to enhance their life time. More precisely, we report on microstructure and corrosion behavior of MgO pure and doped with 0.1 at % Ce films, fabricated by sol\u2013gel route coupled with spin-coating technique, on AZ31 alloy substrate. A modified sol\u2013gel method that start from magnesium acetylacetonate, cerium nitrate and 2\u2013methoxyethanol (as a stabilizer for the sol) was been used successfully for cerium doped MgO sol precursor preparation. The structure and morphology of the surface of the coatings, before and after immersion for 7\u201330 d in Hank\u2019s solution at 37 \u00b0C, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier infrared transmittance spectrum (FT\u2013IR). A comparison between the corrosion protection of undoped MgO and MgO doped with 0.1 at % Ce coatings on the AZ31 alloy substrate is performed by electrochemical tests and immersion tests using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in Hank\u2019s solution, at 37 \u00b0C. The electrochemical results showed that the protection of the AZ31 alloy substrate against corrosion was better with the doped with 0.1 at % Ce MgO film deposited than with pure MgO coting. The investigations of the films after immersion in Hank\u2019s solution, at 37 \u00b0C, for 7, 21 and 30 d indicated that the grown layer on the film is bone like apatite that suggests a good bioactivity of 0.1 at % Ce\u2013doped MgO coating. Our work demonstrates that the performance corrosion protection of the biodegradable magnesium alloys used for orthopedic applications, in simulated physiological environments (Hank and Ringer) can be enhanced through coating with Ce<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> doped MgO sol\u2013gel thin film.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad1dfa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T22:27:45Z","timestamp":1705098465000},"page":"025013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ce-doped MgO films on AZ31 alloy substrate for biomedical applications: preparation, characterization and testing"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"Hattab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Ben Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Spriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-3860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marin","family":"Cernea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Ben Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmad1dfabib1","first-page":"447","article-title":"The effect of mangesium ions on bone bonding to hydroxyapatite","volume":"254\u2013256","author":"Revell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10270","article-title":"Mechanisms of magnesium\u2013stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to commonly used orthopedic implants","volume":"62","author":"Zreiqat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.06.020","article-title":"Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopedic applications: a review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications","volume":"68","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.049","article-title":"In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response","volume":"26","author":"Witte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib5","first-page":"60","article-title":"Metallic osteosynthesis by means of an apparatus made of resorbing metal","volume":"12","author":"Znamenskii","year":"1945","journal-title":"Khirurgiia"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1179\/imr.1993.38.3.138","article-title":"Corrosion of magnesium","volume":"38","author":"Makar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. Mater. Rev."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.08.017","article-title":"Anodization of magnesium for biomedical applications\u2013processing, characterization, degradation and cytocompatibility","volume":"62","author":"Cipriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2010.04.060","article-title":"Preparation of MgO coatings on magnesium alloys for corrosion protection, Surf","volume":"204","author":"Lei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coat. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2018.10.076","article-title":"Effect of annealing temperature on the corrosion resistance of MgO coatings on Mg alloy","volume":"357","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(96)00411-3","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of epitaxial MgO thin film by atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition","volume":"169","author":"Zeng","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.12.020","article-title":"Al-Dhabi, Structural, morphological and optical properties of MgO nanoparticles for antibacterial","volume":"166","author":"Bindhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200500029","article-title":"Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its use as a bacteriocide","volume":"15","author":"Makhluf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008916209784","article-title":"Antibacterial characteristics of magnesium oxide powder","volume":"16","author":"Sawai","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.545.38","article-title":"Pulsed laser deposition of MgO thin films","volume":"545","author":"Kamarulzaman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2004.04.002","article-title":"Faceting of homoepitaxial Mg(110) layers prepared by electron beam evaporation","volume":"558","author":"Sugawara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(00)00718-5","article-title":"Surface-discharge characteristics of MgO-thin films prepared by reactive RF unbalanced magnetron sputtering","volume":"336","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(98)01524-7","article-title":"Growth of magnesium oxide thin films using single molecular precursors by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition","volume":"98","author":"Boo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib18","first-page":"309","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of MgO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis of Mg(2,4-pentanedionate)2","volume":"3","author":"DeSisto","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2014.11.001","article-title":"Advances in microarc oxidation coated AZ31 Mg alloys for biomedical applications","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Corr. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2005.00119.x","article-title":"Effects of acetic acid on the crystallization temperature of sol\u2013gel-derived MgO nano-powders and thin films","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1039\/a809647c","article-title":"Constrained phase evolution in gel-derived thin films of magnesium oxide","volume":"9","author":"Menon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-577X(01)00548-1","article-title":"Crystalline magnesium oxide films on soda lime glass by sol\u2013gel processing","volume":"54","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mater. Lett."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1021\/cm00059a008","article-title":"Sol\u2013gel preparation and characterization of magnesium peroxide, magnesium hydroxide methoxide, and randomly and (111) oriented MgO thin films","volume":"7","author":"Rywak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1063\/1.113117","article-title":"Growth of (111) oriented MgO film on Si substrate by the sol\u2010gel method","volume":"66","author":"Yoon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437193","article-title":"Electrical and optical properties of MgO thin film prepared by sol-gel technique","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib26","first-page":"899","article-title":"Effect of stabilizer on optical and structural properties of MgO thin films prepared by sol\u2013gel method, Bull","volume":"36","author":"Bazhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2010.04.013","article-title":"Optimization of hybrid sol\u2013gel coatings by combination of layers with complementary properties for corrosion protection of AA2024","volume":"69","author":"Rosero-Navarro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.04.071","article-title":"Influence of Ce3+ doping on molecular organization of Si-based organic\/inorganic sol-gel layers for corrosion protection","volume":"414","author":"Fedel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2008.02.015","article-title":"Novel hybrid sol\u2013gel coatings for corrosion protection of AZ31B magnesium alloy","volume":"53","author":"Lamaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.141","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of cerium doped silica sol\u2013gel coatings on glass and aluminum substrates","volume":"348","author":"Pepe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2003.07.008","article-title":"Effects of addition of corrosion inhibitors to silane films on the performance of AA2024-T3 in a 0.5M NaCl solution","volume":"53","author":"Palanivel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-009-2010-6","article-title":"Corrosion protection of aluminium alloy AA2024 with cerium doped methacrylate-silica coatings","volume":"52","author":"Rosero-Navarro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2012.10.004","article-title":"Effective corrosion inhibition performance of Ce3+ doped sol\u2013gel nanocomposite coating on aluminum alloy","volume":"76","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2016.10.002","article-title":"Formation of a cerium conversion coating on magnesium alloy using ascorbic acid as additive. Characterization and anticorrosive properties of the formed films","volume":"4","author":"Loperena","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloys."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2018.10.002","article-title":"Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy by a cerium- molybdenum coating, the effect of citric acid as an additive","volume":"6","author":"Lehr","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloys."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-004-0024-6","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of cerium compounds","volume":"153","author":"Jakupec","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-014-9701-8","article-title":"Cerium oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles abolish the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against gram positive and gram negative biofilm bacteria","volume":"67","author":"Masadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.12.006","article-title":"Cerium ion promotes the osteoclastogenesis through the induction of reactive oxygen species","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Bio"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib39","first-page":"8034","article-title":"Artefacts in electrochemical impedance measurement in electrolytic solutions due to the reference electrode","volume":"56","author":"Tran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.12.011","article-title":"Electrochemical study of the tarnish layer of silver deposited on glass","volume":"131","author":"Ben Amor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1134\/S207020512006012X","article-title":"Comparative electrochemical study of pure magnesium behavior in Ringer\u2019s and Hank\u2019s 3582035\u2013127000 solutions","volume":"57","author":"Hattab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1134\/S2070205119030110","article-title":"Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in neutral calcareous synthetic water by Eruca sativa extract","volume":"55","author":"Ebdelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2138\/am-1997-1-207","article-title":"Structure and elasticity of MgO at high pressure","volume":"82","author":"Karki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. Miner."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14102","DOI":"10.1021\/jp074395l","article-title":"Reversible hydrogen storage property and structural analysis for face-centered cubic hydride Mg0.82Zr0.18H2 prepared by gigapascal hydrogen pressure method","volume":"111","author":"Takasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873413","article-title":"The Al\u2013Mg (aluminium\u2013magnesium) system","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib46","article-title":"POWDERCELL for Windows, v 2.3, federal institute for materials research and testing","volume":"vol 5","author":"Kraus","year":"1999"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib47","first-page":"845","author":"Richerson","year":"1992","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-009-0055-x","article-title":"Improvement in corrosion resistance of magnesium coating with cerium treatment","volume":"28","author":"Ben Hassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2007.12.031","article-title":"Comparative study of protective magnesium deposit behaviour obtained by continuous and pulsed currents from methyl magnesium chloride solution","volume":"202","author":"Ben Hassen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2010.07.030","article-title":"Characterization and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni\u2013P\/nano-SiC coating inside the CO2 containing media in the presence of acetic acid","volume":"32","author":"Allahkaram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10189","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b05183","article-title":"Thin nacre-biomimetic coating with super- anticorrosion performance","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2168377","article-title":"Enhanced graphical representation of electrochemical impedance data","volume":"153B1","author":"Orazem","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100671","article-title":"Effet du c\u00e9rium sur les caract\u00e9ristiques physicochimiques et anticorrosives des rev\u00eatements sol-gel TEOS-GPTMS d\u00e9pos\u00e9s sur l\u2019alliage de magn\u00e9sium AZ31","volume":"21","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Barrios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2016.06.003","article-title":"Evaluation of self-healing ability of Ce\u2013V conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloys"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-011-0398-y","article-title":"XPS characterization and corrosion resistance of cerium-treated magnesium coatings","volume":"30","author":"Ben Hassen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1179\/174327805X29886","article-title":"Influence of sulphate ions on corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in calcareous media","volume":"42","author":"Ben Amor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2011.1310","article-title":"Novel magnesium-nano fluorapatite metal matrix nanocomposite with improved biodegradation behavior","volume":"7","author":"Fathi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.02.117","article-title":"Simultaneous EIS and in situ microscope observation on a partially blocked electrode application to scale electrodeposition","volume":"51","author":"Devos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02509540","article-title":"Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy of the solution-mediated conversion of amorphous calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite: new correlations between x-ray diffraction and infrared data","volume":"58","author":"Gadaleta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue Int."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.09.160","article-title":"Coating of biodegradable magnesium alloy bone implants using nanostructured diopside (CaMgSi2O6)","volume":"288","author":"Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2014.02.020","article-title":"Nanostructured merwinite bioceramic coating on Mg alloy deposited by electrophoretic deposition","volume":"40","author":"Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-0136(95)02023-3","volume":"55","author":"Demri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Process. Technol."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1039\/f19848000237","volume":"80","author":"Seyama","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00776-4","article-title":"The influence of steel microstructure on CO2 corrosion. EIS studies on the inhibition efficiency of benzimidazole","volume":"48","author":"Lopez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.013","article-title":"FTIR and XPS studies of bioactive silica based glasses","volume":"332","author":"Serra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1116\/1.579528","article-title":"Formation of C\u2013N thin films by ion beam deposition","volume":"13","author":"Boyd","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112986","article-title":"Development of zinc-doped hydroxyapatite by sol-gel method for medical applications","volume":"23","author":"Negrila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1063\/1.367211","article-title":"Spectroscopic determination of the structure of amorphous nitrogenated carbon films","volume":"83","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3917","DOI":"10.1063\/1.367312","article-title":"Determination of the structure of amorphous nitrogenated carbon films by combined Raman and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy","volume":"83","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.5406","article-title":"Limites de d\u00e9tection en XPS pour plus de 6000 syst\u00e8mes binaires utilisant les rayons X Al et Mg K\u03b1","volume":"46","author":"Shard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Surf. Interface"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib71","first-page":"275","article-title":"Morphological, chemical and structural characterisation of deciduous enamel: SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and XPS analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zamudio-Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2018.11.001","article-title":"Magnesium matrix composites for biomedical applications: a review","volume":"7","author":"Bommala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloys"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3390\/met9030302","article-title":"The potential of magnesium based materials in mandibular reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Prasadh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.546-549.421","article-title":"Investigation on the potential of magnesium alloy AZ31 as a bone implant","volume":"546\u2013549","author":"Duygulu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Forum"},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2011.02.010","article-title":"Corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ31 screws is dependent on the implantation site","volume":"176","author":"Willbold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"bmmad1dfabib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328211398161","article-title":"In vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior of Mg alloy coated by calcium phosphate in a rabbit model","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T14:56:58Z","timestamp":1749913018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad1dfa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad1dfa","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6041","1748-605X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6041","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-605X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Ce-doped MgO films on AZ31 alloy substrate for biomedical applications: preparation, characterization and testing","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Materials","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-09-01","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-01-12","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-01-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}