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Ethosomes were formulated using the cold method using 3<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> full factorial designs to optimize the formulation components. 9 batches were prepared using two independent variables <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>: concentration of ethanol and <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>: concentration of phospholipid whereas vesicle size (<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and percentage entrapment efficiency (<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) were selected as dependent variables. All the dependent variables were found to be statistically significant. The optimized ethosomal suspension (B3) exhibited a vesicle size of 334 \u00b1 2.89 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 94.88 \u00b1 1.24% and showed good stability. The morphology of vesicles appeared spherical with smooth surfaces through transmission electron microscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the drug existed in an amorphous state within the ethosomal formulation. The optimized ethosome was incorporated into carbopol 934 to develop nanogel for easy application on the skin. The nanogel underwent characterization for various parameters including spreadability, viscosity, pH, extrudability, and percentage drug content. The ethosomal formulation remarkably enhanced the skin permeation of karanjin and increased epidermal retention of the drug in psoriatic skin compared to marketed preparation and pure drug. A skin retention study showed that ethosomal nanogel formulation has 48.33% epidermal retention in 6 h. <jats:italic>In vivo,<\/jats:italic> the anti-psoriatic activity of karanjin ethosomal nanogel demonstrated significant improvement in psoriasis, indicated by a gradual decrease in skin thickness and scaling as reflected in the Psoriasis Severity Index grading. Therefore, the prepared ethosomal nanogel is a potential vehicle for improved topical delivery of karanjin for better treatment of psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad5e51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T23:27:45Z","timestamp":1719962865000},"page":"055012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Karanjin-loaded soya lecithin-based ethosomal nanogel for the therapeutic intervention of psoriasis: formulation development, factorial design based-optimization, in vitro and in vivo assessment"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Ali","family":"Mujtaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6260-0747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Purushottam","family":"Gangane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4313-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abuzer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2317-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubham","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9125-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiyer","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal Osman","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Khalid","family":"Anwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmad5e51bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.743180","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of psoriasis: results and insights from the global burden of disease 2019 study","volume":"8","author":"Damiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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