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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Thiol-norbornene photoclick hydrogels are highly efficient in tissue engineering applications due to their fast gelation, cytocompatibility, and tunability. In this work, we utilized the advantageous features of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-thiol-ene resins to enable fabrication of complex and heterogeneous tissue scaffolds using 3D bioprinting and in-air drop encapsulation techniques. We demonstrated that photoclickable PEG-thiol-ene resins could be tuned by varying the ratio of PEG-dithiol to PEG norbornene to generate a wide range of mechanical stiffness (0.5\u201312 kPa) and swelling ratios. Importantly, all formulations maintained a constant, rapid gelation time (&lt;0.5 s). We used this resin in biological projection microstereolithography (BioP<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>SL) to print complex structures with geometric fidelity and demonstrated biocompatibility by printing cell-laden microgrids. Moreover, the rapid gelling kinetics of this resin permitted high-throughput fabrication of tunable, cell-laden microgels in air using a biological in-air drop encapsulation apparatus (BioIDEA). We demonstrated that these microgels could support cell viability and be assembled into a gradient structure. This PEG-thiol-ene resin, along with BioP<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>SL and BioIDEA technology, will allow rapid fabrication of complex and heterogeneous tissues that mimic native tissues with cellular and mechanical gradients. The engineered tissue scaffolds with a controlled microscale porosity could be utilized in applications including gradient tissue engineering, biosensing, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tissue models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ad8540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T12:10:21Z","timestamp":1732536621000},"page":"015009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid curing dynamics of PEG-thiol-ene resins allow facile 3D bioprinting and in-air cell-laden microgel fabrication"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6256-1231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lindy","family":"K Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7837-3857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesse","family":"T Ahlquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congwang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-3206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Triplett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-1700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica","family":"L Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-5135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claire","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-9486","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3263-2403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"M Wasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmad8540bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5772\/8581","article-title":"Biomaterial scaffold fabrication techniques for potential tissue engineering applications","author":"Subia","year":"2010"},{"key":"bmmad8540bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01097A","article-title":"From tissue engineering to engineering tissues: the role and application of in vitro models","volume":"9","author":"Pacheco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater. 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