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The mechanical properties indicated the constructs\u2019 ability to withstand significant deformation, while the blood compatibility tests showed minimal hemolysis and blood coagulation, supporting the material\u2019s suitability for implantation. Antibacterial tests revealed that the constructs could inhibit bacterial growth, reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. Following the implantation of the prepared constructs in rats, the post-implantation analysis indicated successful integration and biocompatibility with no significant adverse reactions. The biochemical parameters, like inflammatory markers, were slightly higher than the normal range. All other parameters, like bilirubin and albumins, etc, were in the normal range. This study highlights the potential of 3D printed chitosan-based constructs in organ regeneration and presents a promising solution for treating SBS and IBD. The findings support further exploration of the fabricated 3D printed biocompatible materials for medical applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ade5e1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T18:51:36Z","timestamp":1750272696000},"page":"045027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fabrication and <i>in vivo<\/i> characterization of FRESH-based 3D printed chitosan construct for small intestine regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parul","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-4079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rishabh Rai","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5124-545X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjeev Kumar","family":"Mahto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmade5e1bib1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Chapter 71\u2014anatomy and physiology of the small intestine","volume":"vol 2","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","edition":"8th edn"},{"key":"bmmade5e1bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.4332","article-title":"Neonates with short bowel syndrome: an optimistic future for parenteral nutrition independence","volume":"149","author":"Fallon","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"bmmade5e1bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Management of intestinal failure in inflammatory bowel disease: small intestinal transplantation or home parenteral nutrition?","author":"Harrison","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i12.3153"},{"key":"bmmade5e1bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60173-X","article-title":"An experimental study of preventing and treating acute radioactive enteritis with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. 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