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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rise in wound infections underscores the need for chitosan-based biomaterials, which, when loaded with bioactive agents, provide antibacterial, wound-healing, and effective long-term drug delivery capabilities. In this study, a chitosan-based dressing loaded with\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mangostin was successfully fabricated in the form of an aerogel. The new aerogel, incorporating\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mangostin prepared as nanoparticles (nanomangostin), exhibited multifunctional activities including wound healing, hemostasis, and antibacterial effects. A crosslinked network structure was created using glutaraldehyde (GA) at a concentration of 14 g g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , resulting in a highly hydrophilic matrix that modulates the water absorption capacity of the chitosan aerogel\u2014an essential characteristic for both hemostatic function and wound healing. The cytotoxicity of the aerogel was evaluated on HaCaT cells using the MTT assay. Results showed that aerogel concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    were non-toxic to HaCaT cells across all 12, 24, and 48 h treatment groups. Interestingly, the aerogel stimulated HaCaT cell migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatments at 20, 40 and 80 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    significantly enhanced HaCaT cell migration at all groups. Notably, the 40 and 80 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    group at 48 h displayed the highest migration rate (up to 95.98%) compared to the untreated control (71.43%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the nanomangostin-loaded chitosan aerogel demonstrated clear antibacterial activity. A stronger inhibitory effect was observed against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC 25 923 compared to\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC 25 922. These findings highlight the potential of nanomangostin-loaded chitosan aerogels for biomedical applications, particularly in wound healing and antimicrobial coatings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae2e6b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T22:57:44Z","timestamp":1766012264000},"page":"015015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nanomangostin-loaded chitosan aerogel: a multifunctional biomaterial for hemostasis, anti-bacteria and wound healing"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thi Mai","family":"Phuong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-8890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hoai Phuong Nguyen","family":"Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4384-1673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nguyen Thi Trang","family":"Huyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4241-4431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duong Duc","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16030327","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chitosan-based scaffolds incorporated with silver nanoparticles for the treatment of infected wounds","volume":"16","author":"Alven","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092219","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combination strategies of different antimicrobials: an efficient and alternative tool for pathogen inactivation","volume":"10","author":"Basavegowda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed"},{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.31436\/hs.v3i2.74","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): extraction, purification, bioactivities and toxicities","volume":"3","author":"Binti Zamarudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Halalsphere"},{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib4","author":"Chartier","year":"2023","type":"book"},{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16030344","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of chitosan-based hydrogel in promoting wound healing: a review","volume":"16","author":"Che","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"bmmae2e6bbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121248","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A multifunctional chitosan composite aerogel based on high density amidation for chronic wound healing","volume":"321","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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