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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral diseases like periodontitis and tooth loss affect billions worldwide, causing alveolar bone resorption and complicating implant placement and bone regeneration. Guided bone regeneration addresses these defects using barrier membranes that block soft tissue infiltration and promote bone growth. CollaTape\u00ae, a type I bovine collagen membrane, is widely used for its biocompatibility and resorbability, though its bioactivity and antibacterial properties could be improved. This study compares two functionalization methods for enhancing CollaTape\u00ae membranes: adsorption of GBMP1\u03b1 peptide (a BMP-2 biomimetic) and covalent anchoring of its analogue Aoa-GBMP1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Both functionalizations were performed at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Optimal conditions were selected basing on osteoblast mineralization assays and resulted to be 0.25 mg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for adsorption and 1.5 mg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for covalent binding. Peptide surface density analysis revealed values of 0.040 \u03bcmol cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    for adsorption and 0.278 \u03bcmol cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    for covalent anchoring. Biological assays assessed mineralization, proliferation, and gene expression (\n                    <jats:italic>SPP1, RUNX2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in human osteoblasts, and antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All functionalized membranes improved osteoblast activity, with adsorption showing superior results. Antibacterial tests showed slight but significant reductions in bacterial colonies, especially for adsorption. Additional mechanical tests via unconfined compression were performed to evaluate the effect of functionalization on the membranes\u2019 mechanical properties. These tests confirmed that neither functionalization method compromised the stiffness of the membrane, a critical parameter in clinical applications. Overall, peptide adsorption is a simple and clinically adaptable strategy to enhance CollaTape\u00ae\u2019s bioactivity and antibacterial properties while maintaining their original mechanical properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae3af3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T22:54:26Z","timestamp":1768949666000},"page":"015024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing non-crosslinked type I collagen barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration: a comparative study of a BMP-2 derived peptide adsorption and covalent grafting"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8285-8512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristian","family":"Balducci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Giulia","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vogliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lanero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8120-8098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chiara Maria","family":"Morini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-3375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica","family":"Dettin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-0346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annj","family":"Zamuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae3af3bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03808-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of oral disorders: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990\u20132017","volume":"24","author":"Shoaee","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"bmmae3af3bib2","first-page":"661","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health","volume":"83","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. 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