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This review critically examines recent advances in hydrogel-based strategies for IVDD, emphasizing the interplay between material design. Key limitations and translational considerations are discussed to guide the rational development of hydrogel systems that support structural and functional repair of degenerated intervertebral discs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae5ee6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:56:04Z","timestamp":1776120964000},"page":"032001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances and mechanisms of hydrogel-based interventions for intervertebral disc degeneration repair"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-771X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ningbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4604-787X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae5ee6bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-011-0164-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Difference in energy metabolism of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc","volume":"4","author":"Czamanski Salvatierra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. 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