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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) critically impairs the therapeutic efficacy of photo- and radiotherapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ameliorating tumor hypoxia thus presents a promising strategy to potentiate these treatment modalities. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform by functionalizing black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) with catalase (CAT), forming a stable nanocomposite (BP\n                    <jats:sub>CAT<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) via covalent bonding between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. To enhance tumor-targeting capability and immune modulation, BP\n                    <jats:sub>CAT<\/jats:sub>\n                    was further camouflaged with macrophage membranes engineered to express anti-PD-L1 single-chain antibodies, yielding\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    M@BP\n                    <jats:sub>CAT<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This multifunctional construct efficiently catalyzed endogenous hydrogen peroxide into oxygen, thereby relieving intratumoral hypoxia.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    M@BP\n                    <jats:sub>CAT<\/jats:sub>\n                    preferentially accumulated in HCC tissues, elevated oxygen levels within the TME, and facilitated the infiltration of antitumor immune cells. Consequently,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    M@BP\n                    <jats:sub>CAT<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly sensitized tumors to both phototherapy and RT in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Collectively, this study presents a novel CAT-delivering BP-based nanoplatform for TME modulation and combinatorial cancer therapy, offering a promising avenue for improving treatment outcomes in HCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/ae70e2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:31:48Z","timestamp":1781692308000},"page":"035030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomimetic catalase-engineered black phosphorus nanosheets enhance photo-\/radio-therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chunzhong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"},{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiucheng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Foshan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2285-9066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haishi","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"},{"name":"Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0662-1926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University"},{"name":"Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bmmae70e2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00825-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global trends in hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology: implications for screening, prevention and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Singal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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